{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413945484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra55743.2025.11128581","title":"Stable Tracking of Eye Gaze Direction During Ophthalmic Surgery","display_name":"Stable Tracking of Eye Gaze Direction During Ophthalmic Surgery","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413945484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra55743.2025.11128581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra55743.2025.11128581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra55743.2025.11128581","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031005571","display_name":"Tinghe Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-9196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tinghe Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of computer science and engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computer science and engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shenlin Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenlin Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of computer science and engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computer science and engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732750","display_name":"Boyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1747-8011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of computer science and engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computer science and engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766398","display_name":"Kai Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-2723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of computer science and engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computer science and engineering, Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6168","last_page":"6174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11538","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders","score":0.9448999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11538","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders","score":0.9448999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.831095814704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.7697044610977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6348959803581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5812000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5479351282119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.43342962861061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.40745219588279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.27785956859588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1685146987438202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.831095814704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.7697044610977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6348959803581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5812000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5479351282119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.43342962861061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.40745219588279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27785956859588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1685146987438202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra55743.2025.11128581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra55743.2025.11128581","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970145098","https://openalex.org/W1977176825","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2103406235","https://openalex.org/W2130566362","https://openalex.org/W2154861932","https://openalex.org/W2564462359","https://openalex.org/W2594830060","https://openalex.org/W2743391672","https://openalex.org/W2796850409","https://openalex.org/W2947551409","https://openalex.org/W2949442988","https://openalex.org/W2951124636","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2978796584","https://openalex.org/W2982717194","https://openalex.org/W3136078915","https://openalex.org/W3179869298","https://openalex.org/W3215643866","https://openalex.org/W4213306478","https://openalex.org/W4386523247","https://openalex.org/W4388692601","https://openalex.org/W4390099649","https://openalex.org/W4395470955","https://openalex.org/W4400527788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W3207760378","https://openalex.org/W1986970529","https://openalex.org/W2385108104","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W2158788032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ophthalmic":[0],"surgical":[1,22,35,75],"robots":[2],"offer":[3],"superior":[4],"stability":[5],"and":[6,30,48,77,94,109,114,120,144],"precision":[7],"by":[8],"reducing":[9],"the":[10,25,46,50,58,78,105,150,156],"natural":[11],"hand":[12],"tremors":[13],"of":[14,107,137],"human":[15],"surgeons,":[16],"enabling":[17],"delicate":[18],"operations":[19],"in":[20,27,57,74],"confined":[21],"spaces.":[23],"Despite":[24],"advancements":[26],"developing":[28],"vision-":[29],"force-based":[31],"control":[32,147],"methods":[33],"for":[34,80,140,149],"robots,":[36],"preoperative":[37],"navigation":[38],"remains":[39],"heavily":[40],"reliant":[41],"on":[42,69,155],"manual":[43],"operation,":[44],"limiting":[45],"consistency":[47],"increasing":[49],"uncertainty.":[51],"Existing":[52],"eye":[53,92,141],"gaze":[54,115],"estimation":[55,116,135,143],"techniques":[56],"surgery,":[59],"whether":[60],"traditional":[61,102],"or":[62],"deep":[63],"learning-based,":[64],"face":[65],"challenges":[66],"including":[67],"dependence":[68],"additional":[70],"sensors,":[71],"occlusion":[72],"issues":[73],"environments,":[76],"requirement":[79],"facial":[81],"detection.":[82],"To":[83],"address":[84],"these":[85],"limitations,":[86],"this":[87],"study":[88],"proposes":[89],"an":[90,133],"innovative":[91],"localization":[93],"tracking":[95],"method":[96,131],"that":[97,128],"combines":[98],"machine":[99],"learning":[100],"with":[101],"algorithms,":[103],"eliminating":[104],"requirements":[106],"landmarks":[108],"maintaining":[110],"stable":[111],"iris":[112],"detection":[113],"under":[117],"varying":[118],"lighting":[119],"shadow":[121],"conditions.":[122],"Extensive":[123],"real-world":[124],"experiment":[125],"results":[126],"show":[127],"our":[129],"proposed":[130],"has":[132],"average":[134,146],"error":[136,148],"0.58":[138],"degrees":[139],"orientation":[142],"2.08-degree":[145],"robotic":[151],"arm's":[152],"movement":[153],"based":[154],"calculated":[157],"orientation.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}