{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383172090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48891.2023.10160321","title":"Towards Robots that Influence Humans over Long-Term Interaction","display_name":"Towards Robots that Influence Humans over Long-Term Interaction","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383172090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48891.2023.10160321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra48891.2023.10160321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48891.2023.10160321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088605286","display_name":"Shahabedin Sagheb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3785-0319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahabedin Sagheb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Collaborative Robotics Lab (Collab),Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,24061"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Collaborative Robotics Lab (Collab),Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,24061","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046147298","display_name":"Ye-Ji Mun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye-Ji Mun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois,Human-Centered Autonomy Lab (HCAL),Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Urbana-Champaign,IL,61801"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois,Human-Centered Autonomy Lab (HCAL),Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Urbana-Champaign,IL,61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017719918","display_name":"Neema Ahmadian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neema Ahmadian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Collaborative Robotics Lab (Collab),Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,24061"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Collaborative Robotics Lab (Collab),Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,24061","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025425768","display_name":"Benjamin A. Christie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-0892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin A. Christie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Collaborative Robotics Lab (Collab),Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,24061"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Collaborative Robotics Lab (Collab),Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,24061","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050279893","display_name":"Andrea Bajcsy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7969-9376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Bajcsy","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,CA,94709"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley,Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,CA,94709","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059066811","display_name":"Katherine Driggs-Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3760-9859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Driggs-Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois,Human-Centered Autonomy Lab (HCAL),Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Urbana-Champaign,IL,61801"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois,Human-Centered Autonomy Lab (HCAL),Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Urbana-Champaign,IL,61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063608480","display_name":"Dylan P. Losey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8787-5293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dylan P. Losey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Collaborative Robotics Lab (Collab),Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,24061"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Collaborative Robotics Lab (Collab),Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,24061","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088605286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92036056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7490","last_page":"7496"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.8785211443901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6610035300254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6525355577468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.5554863214492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.5360925793647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.5317327380180359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5236406326293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-based-robotics","display_name":"Behavior-based robotics","score":0.5138907432556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48000258207321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.432902991771698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.8785211443901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6610035300254822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6525355577468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.5554863214492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.5360925793647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.5317327380180359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5236406326293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19766214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880688","display_name":"Behavior-based robotics","level":4,"score":0.5138907432556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48000258207321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.432902991771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra48891.2023.10160321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48891.2023.10160321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586722081","https://openalex.org/W2129491278","https://openalex.org/W2411577903","https://openalex.org/W2565370028","https://openalex.org/W2598918561","https://openalex.org/W2904041175","https://openalex.org/W2922127468","https://openalex.org/W2953931148","https://openalex.org/W2969076652","https://openalex.org/W2990116160","https://openalex.org/W3006303816","https://openalex.org/W3039431929","https://openalex.org/W3040033967","https://openalex.org/W3106288029","https://openalex.org/W3204336908","https://openalex.org/W3209862138","https://openalex.org/W3209993569","https://openalex.org/W3214229832","https://openalex.org/W4212898980","https://openalex.org/W4221138770","https://openalex.org/W4248056173","https://openalex.org/W4256531915","https://openalex.org/W4295150809","https://openalex.org/W4312635687","https://openalex.org/W4317467212","https://openalex.org/W6734918623","https://openalex.org/W6744562401","https://openalex.org/W6756809124","https://openalex.org/W6774122581","https://openalex.org/W6785871430","https://openalex.org/W6791194670","https://openalex.org/W6801594883","https://openalex.org/W6809867396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112889528","https://openalex.org/W2152118007","https://openalex.org/W4365788246","https://openalex.org/W4388430323","https://openalex.org/W4377866454","https://openalex.org/W2127463209","https://openalex.org/W2899634227","https://openalex.org/W4312401709","https://openalex.org/W2038689900","https://openalex.org/W3097632046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"humans":[1,40,78],"interact":[2],"with":[3],"robots":[4,37,156],"influence":[5,39,63,170],"is":[6,76],"inevitable.":[7],"Consider":[8],"an":[9],"autonomous":[10,22],"car":[11,23],"driving":[12],"near":[13],"a":[14,110],"human:":[15],"the":[16,21,27,51,54,68,95,100,135],"speed":[17],"and":[18,71,85,140,149],"steering":[19],"of":[20],"will":[24],"affect":[25],"how":[26],"human":[28,70,96],"drives.":[29],"Prior":[30],"works":[31],"have":[32],"developed":[33],"frameworks":[34],"that":[35,77,109,133,155],"enable":[36],"to":[38,83,98,130,163,168],"towards":[41],"desired":[42],"behaviors.":[43],"But":[44],"while":[45],"these":[46,145],"approaches":[47],"are":[48,79,88,165],"effective":[49,121],"in":[50],"short-term":[52],"(i.e.,":[53,64],"first":[55],"few":[56],"human-robot":[57],"interactions),":[58],"here":[59],"we":[60,106,126],"explore":[61],"long-term":[62,172],"repeated":[65,123],"interactions":[66],"between":[67],"same":[69],"robot).":[72],"Our":[73],"central":[74],"insight":[75],"dynamic:":[80],"people":[81],"adapt":[82],"robots,":[84],"behaviors":[86,118],"which":[87,157],"influential":[89,116,139],"now":[90],"may":[91],"fall":[92],"short":[93],"once":[94],"learns":[97],"anticipate":[99,164],"robot's":[101,136],"actions.":[102],"With":[103],"this":[104],"insight,":[105],"experimentally":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"prevalent":[111],"game-theoretic":[112],"formalism":[113],"for":[114],"generating":[115],"robot":[117],"becomes":[119],"less":[120],"over":[122,171],"interactions.":[124],"Next,":[125],"propose":[127],"three":[128],"modifications":[129,146],"Stackelberg":[131],"games":[132],"make":[134,159],"policy":[137],"both":[138],"unpredictable.":[141],"We":[142],"finally":[143],"test":[144],"across":[147],"simulations":[148],"user":[150],"studies:":[151],"our":[152],"results":[153],"suggest":[154],"purposely":[158],"their":[160],"actions":[161],"harder":[162],"better":[166],"able":[167],"maintain":[169],"interaction.":[173],"See":[174],"videos":[175],"here:":[176],"https://youtu.be/ydO83cgjZ2Q":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
