{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137625326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9561608","title":"Behavior-Tree-Based Person Search for Symbiotic Autonomous Mobile Robot Tasks","display_name":"Behavior-Tree-Based Person Search for Symbiotic Autonomous Mobile Robot Tasks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137625326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9561608","mag":"3137625326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra48506.2021.9561608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9561608","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.09162","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044520206","display_name":"Marvin Stuede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-5460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marvin Stuede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechatronic Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany","Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Mechatronic Systems,Garbsen,Germany,D-30823"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechatronic Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Mechatronic Systems,Garbsen,Germany,D-30823","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057385100","display_name":"Timo Lerche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Lerche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechatronic Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany","Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Mechatronic Systems,Garbsen,Germany,D-30823"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechatronic Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Mechatronic Systems,Garbsen,Germany,D-30823","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036947705","display_name":"Martin Alexander Petersen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Alexander Petersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechatronic Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany","Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Mechatronic Systems,Garbsen,Germany,D-30823"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechatronic Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Mechatronic Systems,Garbsen,Germany,D-30823","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040648609","display_name":"Svenja Spindeldreier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-0759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Svenja Spindeldreier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechatronic Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany","Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Mechatronic Systems,Garbsen,Germany,D-30823"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechatronic Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Mechatronic Systems,Garbsen,Germany,D-30823","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044520206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02523217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2414","last_page":"2420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.6598532795906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.6524972915649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevator","display_name":"Elevator","score":0.6455974578857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6215819716453552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6121887564659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6103629469871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.573047399520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.49149763584136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.4849010109901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48247554898262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4725101888179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.4357275366783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-tree-search","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","score":0.4307449460029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32431483268737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3212828040122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.23299628496170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18588295578956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1845904290676117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09478959441184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08509740233421326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.6598532795906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6524972915649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147021018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252451","display_name":"Elevator","level":2,"score":0.6455974578857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6215819716453552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6121887564659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6103629469871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.573047399520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49149763584136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.4849010109901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48247554898262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4725101888179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.4357275366783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46149586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11785332","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","level":3,"score":0.4307449460029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32431483268737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3212828040122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.23299628496170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18588295578956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1845904290676117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09478959441184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08509740233421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra48506.2021.9561608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9561608","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.09162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.09162","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.09162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3137625326","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2103.09162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repo.uni-hannover.de:123456789/15294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/15294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401575","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","host_organization_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.09162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.09162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.15488/15175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15488/15175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052956","display_name":"Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.09162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.09162","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.09162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105711246","https://openalex.org/W1033316025","https://openalex.org/W1524422759","https://openalex.org/W1733522299","https://openalex.org/W1995641496","https://openalex.org/W2018871994","https://openalex.org/W2038437430","https://openalex.org/W2070707168","https://openalex.org/W2115409846","https://openalex.org/W2129293435","https://openalex.org/W2131583384","https://openalex.org/W2161426450","https://openalex.org/W2268708260","https://openalex.org/W2293700449","https://openalex.org/W2400776907","https://openalex.org/W2411443472","https://openalex.org/W2478342984","https://openalex.org/W2550336733","https://openalex.org/W2557630729","https://openalex.org/W2565029242","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2739127893","https://openalex.org/W2871950322","https://openalex.org/W2891955403","https://openalex.org/W2964172396","https://openalex.org/W2967927641","https://openalex.org/W2990197615","https://openalex.org/W3124874748","https://openalex.org/W3142030220","https://openalex.org/W3145123113","https://openalex.org/W6649412040","https://openalex.org/W6679165662","https://openalex.org/W6693839119","https://openalex.org/W6713442844","https://openalex.org/W6737880431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207448739","https://openalex.org/W2040672007","https://openalex.org/W2888410494","https://openalex.org/W1592644776","https://openalex.org/W152337235","https://openalex.org/W1582545595","https://openalex.org/W2401941306","https://openalex.org/W2597921782","https://openalex.org/W1957906757","https://openalex.org/W1919824431","https://openalex.org/W2754484194","https://openalex.org/W2910384675","https://openalex.org/W3090470622","https://openalex.org/W2175928030","https://openalex.org/W2421136984","https://openalex.org/W826954055","https://openalex.org/W2117479397","https://openalex.org/W2890399940","https://openalex.org/W2001124381","https://openalex.org/W3159934087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,134],"consider":[1],"the":[2,22,38,52,60,64,78,85,91,103,120,158],"problem":[3],"of":[4,14,54,77,82,84,115,122,146],"people":[5],"search":[6,96],"by":[7,21],"a":[8,15,29,44,56,68,100,113,131,152],"mobile":[9],"social":[10],"robot":[11,23,92],"in":[12,112,130,144],"case":[13],"situation":[16],"that":[17],"cannot":[18],"be":[19,139],"solved":[20],"alone.":[24],"Examples":[25],"are":[26],"physically":[27],"opening":[28],"closed":[30],"door":[31],"or":[32,95],"operating":[33],"an":[34,75],"elevator.":[35],"Based":[36],"on":[37],"Behavior":[39,65],"Tree":[40,66],"framework,":[41],"we":[42,73],"create":[43],"modular":[45],"and":[46,80,149,155],"easily":[47],"extendable":[48],"action":[49],"sequence":[50],"with":[51,108],"goal":[53],"finding":[55,153],"person":[57,154],"to":[58,138,141,157],"assist":[59],"robot.":[61],"By":[62],"decomposing":[63],"as":[67],"Discrete":[69],"Time":[70],"Markov":[71],"Chain,":[72],"obtain":[74],"estimate":[76],"probability":[79],"rate":[81,148],"success":[83,147],"options":[86],"for":[87,97],"action,":[88],"especially":[89],"where":[90],"should":[93],"wait":[94],"people.":[98],"In":[99],"real-world":[101],"experiment,":[102],"presented":[104],"method":[105,137],"is":[106],"compared":[107],"other":[109,142],"common":[110],"approaches":[111,143],"total":[114],"588":[116],"test":[117],"runs":[118],"over":[119],"course":[121],"one":[123],"week,":[124],"starting":[125],"at":[126],"two":[127],"different":[128],"locations":[129],"university":[132],"building.":[133],"show":[135],"our":[136],"superior":[140],"terms":[145],"duration":[150],"until":[151],"returning":[156],"start":[159],"location.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}