{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207971571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560993","title":"FLEXotendon Glove-III: Soft Robotic Hand Rehabilitation Exoskeleton for Spinal Cord Injury","display_name":"FLEXotendon Glove-III: Soft Robotic Hand Rehabilitation Exoskeleton for Spinal Cord Injury","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207971571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560993","mag":"3207971571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560993","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087321621","display_name":"Phillip Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-4490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillip Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Medical Robotics and Automation (RoboMed) Laboratory, Georgia Center for Medical Robotics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Robotics and Automation (RoboMed) Laboratory, Georgia Center for Medical Robotics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017597959","display_name":"Seokhwan Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-7601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seokhwan Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009904054","display_name":"Kinsey Herrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kinsey Herrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043370778","display_name":"Shovan Bhatia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8090-7208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shovan Bhatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Medical Robotics and Automation (RoboMed) Laboratory, Georgia Center for Medical Robotics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Robotics and Automation (RoboMed) Laboratory, Georgia Center for Medical Robotics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067608454","display_name":"Scott H. Kozin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6791-6230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129524","display_name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children - Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/036z11b33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129524","https://openalex.org/I4210144267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Kozin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129524"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047893446","display_name":"Jaydev P. Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8298-2439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaydev P. Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Medical Robotics and Automation (RoboMed) Laboratory, Georgia Center for Medical Robotics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Robotics and Automation (RoboMed) Laboratory, Georgia Center for Medical Robotics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"10332","last_page":"10339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12459","display_name":"Nerve Injury and Rehabilitation","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.8930147886276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wired-glove","display_name":"Wired glove","score":0.580173671245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thumb","display_name":"Thumb","score":0.507895290851593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.45463934540748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grasp","display_name":"GRASP","score":0.4363091289997101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.43025654554367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4297569990158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powered-exoskeleton","display_name":"Powered exoskeleton","score":0.4281467795372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42714351415634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4094114899635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.35785040259361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2323746383190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1857372522354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.173760324716568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.15604272484779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.13281512260437012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.8930147886276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107953548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172433","display_name":"Wired glove","level":3,"score":0.580173671245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776881184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83360","display_name":"Thumb","level":2,"score":0.507895290851593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.45463934540748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.4363091289997101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.43025654554367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4297569990158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45391945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938523","display_name":"Powered exoskeleton","level":3,"score":0.4281467795372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42714351415634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4094114899635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.35785040259361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2323746383190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1857372522354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.173760324716568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.15604272484779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.13281512260437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560993","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67810616","https://openalex.org/W166537522","https://openalex.org/W564593119","https://openalex.org/W571756774","https://openalex.org/W1484168899","https://openalex.org/W1666819333","https://openalex.org/W1966073502","https://openalex.org/W1969107410","https://openalex.org/W1981454560","https://openalex.org/W1994380917","https://openalex.org/W1996552722","https://openalex.org/W2012924135","https://openalex.org/W2043680620","https://openalex.org/W2080441242","https://openalex.org/W2109092744","https://openalex.org/W2132005662","https://openalex.org/W2144294016","https://openalex.org/W2162207896","https://openalex.org/W2167371819","https://openalex.org/W2282481780","https://openalex.org/W2294251513","https://openalex.org/W2326681282","https://openalex.org/W2414587816","https://openalex.org/W2418572887","https://openalex.org/W2507460368","https://openalex.org/W2730491040","https://openalex.org/W2733334329","https://openalex.org/W2735680319","https://openalex.org/W2739040100","https://openalex.org/W2756823931","https://openalex.org/W2789596478","https://openalex.org/W2799673890","https://openalex.org/W2904422212","https://openalex.org/W2910151678","https://openalex.org/W2915264809","https://openalex.org/W2924590879","https://openalex.org/W2979830450","https://openalex.org/W2998748860","https://openalex.org/W2999825130","https://openalex.org/W3004348932","https://openalex.org/W3007536173","https://openalex.org/W3016934545","https://openalex.org/W3024601918","https://openalex.org/W3025178879","https://openalex.org/W4242423634","https://openalex.org/W6641632922"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989011507","https://openalex.org/W2908002960","https://openalex.org/W4386159943","https://openalex.org/W2808226217","https://openalex.org/W2015794229","https://openalex.org/W2893851384","https://openalex.org/W2780323031","https://openalex.org/W2753647732","https://openalex.org/W4388283394","https://openalex.org/W4214843456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cervical":[0],"spinal":[1],"cord":[2],"injury":[3],"(SCI)":[4],"can":[5],"severely":[6],"impact":[7],"hand":[8,37,58,62],"motor":[9],"and":[10,13,86,109,114,121,170],"sensory":[11],"function,":[12],"accordingly,":[14],"patients":[15,66],"with":[16,67,157],"SCI":[17],"are":[18,119],"often":[19],"unable":[20],"to":[21,41,81,145],"complete":[22],"basic":[23],"everyday":[24],"tasks":[25],"without":[26],"assistance.":[27],"In":[28,48],"recent":[29],"years,":[30],"there":[31],"has":[32],"been":[33],"an":[34],"increase":[35],"in":[36,65,103,135,153],"exoskeleton":[38,60,88,125,143,150],"research":[39],"due":[40],"their":[42],"distinct":[43],"advantages":[44],"for":[45,61,111,141],"improving":[46],"rehabilitation.":[47],"this":[49],"work,":[50],"we":[51],"present":[52],"a":[53,83,154,158],"voice-controlled,":[54],"tendon-driven":[55],"soft":[56],"robotic":[57],"rehabilitation":[59],"function":[63],"improvement":[64],"cervical":[68],"SCI.":[69],"A":[70],"new":[71],"fabrication":[72],"process":[73],"utilizing":[74],"high":[75],"consistency":[76],"rubber":[77],"silicone":[78],"is":[79,133],"used":[80,134],"construct":[82],"formfitting,":[84],"durable,":[85],"customizable":[87],"glove.":[89],"Bioinspired":[90],"tendon":[91],"routing":[92],"pathways":[93],"embedded":[94],"within":[95],"the":[96,104,124,131,136,142],"glove":[97],"create":[98],"5":[99],"actively":[100],"actuated":[101],"degrees-of-freedom":[102],"index":[105],"finger,":[106,108],"middle":[107],"thumb":[110],"both":[112],"extension":[113],"flexion.":[115],"Tendon":[116],"tension":[117],"sensors":[118,132],"developed":[120],"integrated":[122],"into":[123],"system.":[126],"The":[127,149],"force":[128,165],"feedback":[129],"from":[130],"implementation":[137],"of":[138],"admittance":[139,167],"control":[140],"system":[144],"improve":[146],"grasping":[147],"motions.":[148],"was":[151],"evaluated":[152],"case":[155],"study":[156],"healthy":[159],"participant":[160],"through":[161],"range-of-motion":[162],"characterization,":[163],"pinch":[164],"testing,":[166],"controller":[168],"validation,":[169],"object":[171],"manipulation.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
