{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205288095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560775","title":"SpringExo, a spring-based exoskeleton for providing knee assistance: Design, Characterization and Feasibility Study","display_name":"SpringExo, a spring-based exoskeleton for providing knee assistance: Design, Characterization and Feasibility Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205288095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560775","mag":"3205288095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025623110","display_name":"Dongbao Sui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-6415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongbao Sui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System,Harbin,China,150001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System,Harbin,China,150001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016494101","display_name":"Biing\u2010Chwen Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-1301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biing-Chwen Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University,Department of Mechanical Engineering,New York,NY,USA,10027"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University,Department of Mechanical Engineering,New York,NY,USA,10027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038942163","display_name":"Rand Hidayah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5348-3128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rand Hidayah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University,Department of Mechanical Engineering,New York,NY,USA,10027"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University,Department of Mechanical Engineering,New York,NY,USA,10027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054543629","display_name":"Yanhe Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-6278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhe Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System,Harbin,China,150001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System,Harbin,China,150001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066608996","display_name":"Sunil K. Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-1437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil K. Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University,Department of Mechanical Engineering,New York,NY,USA,10027","Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University,Department of Mechanical Engineering,New York,NY,USA,10027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57868774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"10513","last_page":"10519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10562","display_name":"Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10658","display_name":"Bone fractures and treatments","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.8979991674423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring","display_name":"Spring (device)","score":0.6444589495658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5269250273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.48262104392051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3279084861278534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3272360563278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.1974470615386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.14022499322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.08130568265914917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.8979991674423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.6444589495658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5269250273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.48262104392051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3279084861278534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3272360563278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.1974470615386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14022499322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08130568265914917}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9560775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480865411","https://openalex.org/W1536806151","https://openalex.org/W1968334754","https://openalex.org/W1977886606","https://openalex.org/W1994800753","https://openalex.org/W1996117239","https://openalex.org/W2024242733","https://openalex.org/W2035615198","https://openalex.org/W2038630298","https://openalex.org/W2058074226","https://openalex.org/W2067188191","https://openalex.org/W2069293208","https://openalex.org/W2075557971","https://openalex.org/W2085730950","https://openalex.org/W2101068518","https://openalex.org/W2101797976","https://openalex.org/W2102046115","https://openalex.org/W2126663592","https://openalex.org/W2128779738","https://openalex.org/W2137264985","https://openalex.org/W2149218285","https://openalex.org/W2169410184","https://openalex.org/W2169664468","https://openalex.org/W2604835915","https://openalex.org/W2740405518","https://openalex.org/W2772205445","https://openalex.org/W2913928250","https://openalex.org/W2921543000","https://openalex.org/W2967902380","https://openalex.org/W3011636238","https://openalex.org/W6680298225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901258812","https://openalex.org/W2887985348","https://openalex.org/W2401700601","https://openalex.org/W2570835373","https://openalex.org/W3198063775","https://openalex.org/W3017269254","https://openalex.org/W2557545276","https://openalex.org/W4387054232","https://openalex.org/W2590554196","https://openalex.org/W2591464318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,14,23,29,48,59,62,88,107,111,121,138,142,147,156,160,176,188,194,213],"design":[4],"and":[5,70,97,113,115,127,150,172,198,208],"preliminary":[6],"evaluation":[7],"of":[8,61,137,220],"a":[9,42,103,183],"portable":[10],"spring-based":[11],"knee":[12,157,200,222],"exoskeleton,":[13],"SpringExo,":[15,99],"which":[16,106],"is":[17,53,140],"designed":[18],"to":[19,22,38,55,58,77,91,154,168,216],"provide":[20],"assistance":[21],"leg":[24,31],"while":[25],"minimizing":[26],"interference":[27,130],"with":[28,41,81,120,193],"natural":[30,50,195],"movement.":[32],"Traditional":[33],"rigid":[34,63],"exoskeletons":[35,73],"are":[36,210],"unable":[37],"accurately":[39],"align":[40],"user&#x2019;s":[43,49],"anatomical":[44],"joints.":[45,98,122],"In":[46],"addition,":[47],"motion":[51],"pattern":[52],"likely":[54],"change":[56],"due":[57],"constraints":[60],"exoskeleton.":[64],"Though":[65],"some":[66],"textile-based":[67],"soft":[68,72],"exosuits":[69],"cable-driven":[71],"have":[74,90],"been":[75],"developed":[76],"achieve":[78],"better":[79],"alignment":[80,119],"human&#x2019;s":[82],"biological":[83],"joints,":[84],"forces":[85],"applied":[86],"by":[87,94],"cables":[89],"be":[92],"sustained":[93],"human":[95,165],"skeleton":[96],"in":[100,159],"comparison,":[101],"uses":[102],"coil":[104],"spring":[105,124],"user":[108,177],"wears":[109],"around":[110],"thigh":[112],"shank,":[114],"does":[116],"not":[117,191],"require":[118],"The":[123],"stores":[125],"energy":[126,145,153],"provides":[128],"minimal":[129],"during":[131,146,178,202],"elastic":[132],"deformation.":[133],"A":[134],"key":[135],"feature":[136],"SpringExo":[139],"that":[141,187],"springs":[143],"store":[144],"flexion":[148],"phase":[149],"release":[151],"this":[152],"assist":[155],"extension":[158,161,201],"phase.":[162],"We":[163],"conducted":[164],"subjects":[166],"study":[167,185],"verify":[169],"its":[170],"biomechanical":[171],"physiological":[173],"effects":[174],"on":[175,212],"stair":[179,203],"ascent.":[180,204],"Results":[181],"from":[182],"six-subject":[184],"showed":[186],"device":[189],"did":[190],"interfere":[192],"joint":[196],"angles":[197],"assisted":[199],"However,":[205],"further":[206],"redesign":[207],"optimization":[209],"needed":[211],"actuation":[214],"system":[215],"offset":[217],"SpringExo&#x2019;s":[218],"drawback":[219],"hindering":[221],"flexion.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
