{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285102276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra46639.2022.9812072","title":"RF-Annotate: Automatic RF-Supervised Image Annotation of Common Objects in Context","display_name":"RF-Annotate: Automatic RF-Supervised Image Annotation of Common Objects in Context","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285102276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra46639.2022.9812072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra46639.2022.9812072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra46639.2022.9812072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607759","display_name":"2022 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.08837","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084567070","display_name":"Emerson Sie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-8596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emerson Sie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034738254","display_name":"Deepak Vasisht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-0978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Vasisht","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93086172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2590","last_page":"2596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13270","display_name":"QR Code Applications and Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8020872473716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6668106317520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5568926334381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-identification","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","score":0.5172446370124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.49671441316604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4806572198867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4646109640598297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.45295464992523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.41058433055877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.12196090817451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11574238538742065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8020872473716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6668106317520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5568926334381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204222849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104954","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","level":2,"score":0.5172446370124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.49671441316604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4806572198867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4646109640598297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.45295464992523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.41058433055877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.12196090817451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11574238538742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra46639.2022.9812072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra46639.2022.9812072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607759","display_name":"2022 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2211.08837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.08837","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.08837","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2211.08837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.08837","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.08837","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585879837","https://openalex.org/W1615828794","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2069973845","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2158090937","https://openalex.org/W2201912979","https://openalex.org/W2460321923","https://openalex.org/W2601066903","https://openalex.org/W2756627269","https://openalex.org/W2786036844","https://openalex.org/W2952267586","https://openalex.org/W2953127211","https://openalex.org/W2963011558","https://openalex.org/W2964248288","https://openalex.org/W2967153639","https://openalex.org/W2970692043","https://openalex.org/W3009928773","https://openalex.org/W3035198432","https://openalex.org/W3046136908","https://openalex.org/W3089740767","https://openalex.org/W3099587965","https://openalex.org/W3137905681","https://openalex.org/W4301365964","https://openalex.org/W4307863552","https://openalex.org/W4394666750","https://openalex.org/W6635170509","https://openalex.org/W6636255090","https://openalex.org/W6737377802","https://openalex.org/W6767228950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W2625833328","https://openalex.org/W1533177136","https://openalex.org/W4380994516","https://openalex.org/W2251519152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"tags":[1,78],"are":[2,164],"increasingly":[3],"used":[4],"to":[5,106,142,146],"track":[6],"and":[7,24,48,60,73,129,132],"identify":[8],"common":[9,189],"items":[10,40],"of":[11,44,76,111,113,159,178,185,194],"interest":[12,114,160],"such":[13,39,77],"as":[14,79,115],"retail":[15],"goods,":[16],"food,":[17],"medicine,":[18],"clothing,":[19],"books,":[20],"documents,":[21],"keys,":[22],"equipment,":[23],"more.":[25],"At":[26],"the":[27,42,71,150,157,162,176],"same":[28],"time,":[29],"there":[30],"is":[31,155],"a":[32,80,83,96,192],"need":[33],"for":[34,41,51,82,89,98],"labelled":[35,108],"visual":[36,109],"data":[37,110],"featuring":[38,188],"purpose":[43],"training":[45],"object":[46],"detection":[47],"recognition":[49],"models":[50],"robots":[52,105],"operating":[53],"in":[54,149,191],"homes,":[55],"warehouses,":[56],"stores,":[57],"libraries,":[58],"pharmacies,":[59],"so":[61],"on.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"we":[66,69],"ask:":[67],"can":[68],"leverage":[70],"tracking":[72],"identification":[74],"capabilities":[75],"basis":[81],"large-scale":[84],"automatic":[85],"image":[86,101],"annotation":[87,102],"system":[88],"robotic":[90,140],"perception":[91],"tasks?":[92],"We":[93,174],"present":[94],"RF-Annotate,":[95],"pipeline":[97,123,180],"autonomous":[99],"pixel-wise":[100],"which":[103],"enables":[104],"collect":[107],"objects":[112,148,158,190],"they":[116],"encounter":[117],"them":[118],"within":[119,161],"their":[120],"environment.":[121],"Our":[122,152],"uses":[124],"unmodified":[125],"commodity":[126],"RFID":[127],"readers":[128],"RGB-D":[130,183],"cameras,":[131],"exploits":[133],"arbitrary":[134],"small-scale":[135],"motions":[136],"afforded":[137],"by":[138],"mobile":[139],"platforms":[141],"spatially":[143],"map":[144],"RFIDs":[145,169],"corresponding":[147],"scene.":[151],"only":[153],"assumption":[154],"that":[156],"environment":[163],"pre-tagged":[165],"with":[166],"inexpensive":[167],"battery-free":[168],"costing":[170],"3\u201315":[171],"cents":[172],"each.":[173],"demonstrate":[175],"efficacy":[177],"our":[179],"on":[181],"several":[182],"sequences":[184],"tabletop":[186],"scenes":[187],"variety":[193],"indoor":[195],"environments.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}