{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047008645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197428","title":"Automated detection of soleus concentric contraction in variable gait conditions for improved exosuit control","display_name":"Automated detection of soleus concentric contraction in variable gait conditions for improved exosuit control","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047008645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197428","mag":"3047008645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197428","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059693319","display_name":"Richard W. Nuckols","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard W. Nuckols","raw_affiliation_strings":["John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082354022","display_name":"Krithika Swaminathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7570-1408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krithika Swaminathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620527","display_name":"Sang\u2010Jun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8199-3993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangjun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050174852","display_name":"Louis N. Awad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-8011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis Awad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028193094","display_name":"Conor J. Walsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-917X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conor J. Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061751542","display_name":"Robert D. Howe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-227X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Howe","raw_affiliation_strings":["John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059693319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6598103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":null,"first_page":"4855","last_page":"4862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concentric","display_name":"Concentric","score":0.7742705345153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-cycle","display_name":"Gait cycle","score":0.5442611575126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraction","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","score":0.5279173851013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5217141509056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.48720401525497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.47433987259864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrupedalism","display_name":"Quadrupedalism","score":0.4560960531234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4148944616317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3821263611316681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3157341480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30238205194473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.14979133009910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13913220167160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1337454617023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.0921596884727478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90296322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619776","display_name":"Concentric","level":2,"score":0.7742705345153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985215115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22305006","display_name":"Gait cycle","level":3,"score":0.5442611575126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163415756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126473","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5279173851013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5217141509056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.48720401525497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.47433987259864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134181672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21907045","display_name":"Quadrupedalism","level":2,"score":0.4560960531234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4148944616317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3821263611316681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3157341480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30238205194473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.14979133009910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13913220167160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1337454617023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0921596884727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197428","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549114171","https://openalex.org/W1991235214","https://openalex.org/W2001607678","https://openalex.org/W2017217079","https://openalex.org/W2059549787","https://openalex.org/W2064023835","https://openalex.org/W2078301695","https://openalex.org/W2086061329","https://openalex.org/W2088968292","https://openalex.org/W2091976582","https://openalex.org/W2097311579","https://openalex.org/W2102653827","https://openalex.org/W2114941718","https://openalex.org/W2117913210","https://openalex.org/W2121039301","https://openalex.org/W2126842423","https://openalex.org/W2130281033","https://openalex.org/W2143390305","https://openalex.org/W2146977964","https://openalex.org/W2149646777","https://openalex.org/W2160432358","https://openalex.org/W2165357216","https://openalex.org/W2166213162","https://openalex.org/W2222399534","https://openalex.org/W2236853351","https://openalex.org/W2292296004","https://openalex.org/W2399565053","https://openalex.org/W2472057368","https://openalex.org/W2576893463","https://openalex.org/W2700163520","https://openalex.org/W2768832805","https://openalex.org/W2773993535","https://openalex.org/W2805541808","https://openalex.org/W2883265178","https://openalex.org/W2890784218","https://openalex.org/W6632872799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992956164","https://openalex.org/W2775028049","https://openalex.org/W2390475535","https://openalex.org/W2536500502","https://openalex.org/W2611160909","https://openalex.org/W3017911271","https://openalex.org/W2913503957","https://openalex.org/W2995649005","https://openalex.org/W2027166246","https://openalex.org/W2600139093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exosuits":[0],"can":[1],"reduce":[2],"metabolic":[3],"demand":[4],"and":[5,29,94,135,174,232],"improve":[6],"gait.":[7,34],"Controllers":[8],"explicitly":[9],"derived":[10],"from":[11,166,205],"biological":[12,202],"mechanisms":[13],"that":[14,164],"reflect":[15],"the":[16,36,59,75,87,96,111,148,152,171,188,201,218],"user's":[17],"joint":[18],"or":[19],"muscle":[20,46,61],"dynamics":[21],"should":[22],"in":[23,77,161,176,194,230],"theory":[24],"allow":[25],"for":[26,52,216],"individualized":[27],"assistance":[28],"enable":[30],"adaptation":[31],"to":[32,63,89,115,143,150,168,190,197,207,226],"changing":[33],"With":[35],"goal":[37],"of":[38,74,98,110,121,123,138,154,170,220],"developing":[39],"an":[40,50,136,213],"exosuit":[41,228],"control":[42,229],"strategy":[43],"based":[44],"on":[45],"power,":[47],"we":[48,211],"present":[49],"approach":[51],"estimating,":[53],"at":[54,101,181],"real":[55],"time":[56],"rates,":[57],"when":[58,200],"soleus":[60,76],"begins":[62],"generate":[64],"positive":[65],"power.":[66],"A":[67],"low-profile":[68],"ultrasound":[69],"system":[70,203],"recorded":[71],"B-mode":[72],"images":[73],"walking":[78,160,180,183],"individuals.":[79],"An":[80],"automated":[81],"routine":[82],"using":[83,116],"optical":[84],"flow":[85],"segmented":[86],"data":[88],"a":[90,127,192],"normalized":[91],"gait":[92,112,140,172],"cycle":[93,113,141,173],"estimated":[95],"onset":[97,122,153,195,219],"concentric":[99,124,155,221],"contraction":[100,125,156,222],"real-time":[102],"rates":[103],"(~130Hz).":[104],"Segmentation":[105],"error":[106],"was":[107],"within":[108],"1%":[109],"compared":[114],"ground":[117],"reaction":[118],"forces.":[119],"Estimation":[120],"had":[126],"high":[128],"correlation":[129],"(R":[130],"<sup":[131],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[132],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[133],"=0.92)":[134],"RMSE":[137],"2.6%":[139],"relative":[142],"manual":[144],"estimation.":[145],"We":[146,185],"demonstrated":[147],"ability":[149,189],"estimate":[151],"during":[157],"fixed":[158],"speed":[159],"healthy":[162],"individuals":[163],"ranged":[165],"39.3%":[167],"45.8%":[169],"feasibility":[175],"two":[177],"persons":[178],"post-stroke":[179],"comfortable":[182],"speed.":[184],"also":[186],"showed":[187],"measure":[191],"shift":[193],"timing":[196],"7%":[198],"earlier":[199],"adapts":[204],"level":[206,231],"incline":[208,233],"walking.":[209,234],"Finally,":[210],"provided":[212],"initial":[214],"evaluation":[215],"how":[217],"might":[223],"be":[224],"used":[225],"inform":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}