{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2739457232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2017.7989428","title":"Passive returning mechanism for twisted string actuators","display_name":"Passive returning mechanism for twisted string actuators","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2739457232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2017.7989428","mag":"2739457232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2017.7989428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2017.7989428","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043615448","display_name":"Muhammad Usman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-5186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35886859","display_name":"Korea University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/053nycv62","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeolno, Cheonan, Chungnam, Rep. of South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeolno, Cheonan, Chungnam, Rep. of South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044560238","display_name":"Bhivraj Suthar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-2984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35886859","display_name":"Korea University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/053nycv62","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhivraj Suthar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeolno, Cheonan, Chungnam, Rep. of South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeolno, Cheonan, Chungnam, Rep. of South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031084695","display_name":"Hyunseok Seong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35886859","display_name":"Korea University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/053nycv62","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunseok Seong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeolno, Cheonan, Chungnam, Rep. of South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeolno, Cheonan, Chungnam, Rep. of South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088329417","display_name":"Elliot W. Hawkes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elliot Hawkes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023663334","display_name":"Igor Gaponov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-578X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35886859","display_name":"Korea University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/053nycv62","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Gaponov","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeolno, Cheonan, Chungnam, Rep. of South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeolno, Cheonan, Chungnam, Rep. of South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019438521","display_name":"Jee-Hwan Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35886859","display_name":"Korea University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/053nycv62","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jee-Hwan Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeolno, Cheonan, Chungnam, Rep. of South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600 Chungjeolno, Cheonan, Chungnam, Rep. of South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3714","last_page":"3719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.8817499876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.6550302505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6086837649345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4990043640136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.46751052141189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.4533771872520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.45334526896476746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.42360401153564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.2871396243572235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25799816846847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22301891446113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.12638235092163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.10636219382286072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8817499876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6550302505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6086837649345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4990043640136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46751052141189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4533771872520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.45334526896476746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.42360401153564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.2871396243572235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25799816846847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22301891446113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.12638235092163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.10636219382286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2017.7989428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2017.7989428","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:174545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/passive-returning-mechanism-for-twisted-string-actuators(aa757e29-9d26-4cdf-a377-902a50a393d6).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:174545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2017.7989428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952939224","https://openalex.org/W1991761189","https://openalex.org/W2005946166","https://openalex.org/W2024848799","https://openalex.org/W2024907472","https://openalex.org/W2026685952","https://openalex.org/W2038439784","https://openalex.org/W2042114829","https://openalex.org/W2046459093","https://openalex.org/W2140202673","https://openalex.org/W2152104708","https://openalex.org/W2203077240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2518037665","https://openalex.org/W2348524959","https://openalex.org/W2477036161","https://openalex.org/W2368049389","https://openalex.org/W2384861574","https://openalex.org/W4294565801","https://openalex.org/W2170801710","https://openalex.org/W2952704802","https://openalex.org/W2741781807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69,87,104],"twisted":[1,66,94],"string":[2,67,95],"actuator":[3,6,34,96],"is":[4,8,27],"an":[5],"that":[7,32],"gaining":[9],"popularity":[10],"in":[11,109],"various":[12],"engineering":[13],"and":[14,16,75,77,115,120],"robotics":[15],"applications.":[17],"However,":[18],"the":[19,28,33,61,65,84,93],"fundamental":[20],"limitation":[21],"of":[22,24,64,100,112],"actuators":[23],"this":[25],"type":[26],"uni-directional":[29,62],"action,":[30],"meaning":[31],"can":[35,90],"contract":[36],"but":[37],"requires":[38],"external":[39],"power":[40],"to":[41,43,59],"return":[42],"its":[44],"initial":[45],"state.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"proposes":[49],"2":[50],"novel":[51],"passive":[52],"extension":[53,81],"mechanisms":[54,71,106],"based":[55],"on":[56],"buckling":[57],"effect":[58],"solve":[60],"issue":[63],"actuator.":[68],"proposed":[70],"are":[72,107,118],"mechanically":[73],"simple":[74],"compact":[76],"provide":[78],"a":[79,110],"nearly-constant":[80],"force":[82,89,101],"throughout":[83],"operation":[85],"range.":[86],"constant":[88],"fully":[91],"extend":[92],"with":[97],"minimal":[98],"loss":[99],"during":[102],"contraction.":[103],"designed":[105],"evaluated":[108],"series":[111],"practical":[113],"tests,":[114],"their":[116],"performances":[117],"compared":[119],"discussed.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}