{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2418048884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2016.7487487","title":"Multi-scale object candidates for generic object tracking in street scenes","display_name":"Multi-scale object candidates for generic object tracking in street scenes","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2418048884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2016.7487487","mag":"2418048884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2016.7487487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2016.7487487","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009902749","display_name":"Aljo\u0161a O\u0161ep","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8105-4737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aljosa Osep","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071563379","display_name":"Alexander Hermans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2127-0782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Hermans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073714926","display_name":"Francis Engelmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5745-2137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Engelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078866725","display_name":"Dirk Klostermann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Klostermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076723993","display_name":"Markus Mathias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Mathias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071006649","display_name":"Bastian Leibe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-0051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bastian Leibe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95507671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3180","last_page":"3187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7228264808654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6791905164718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6027810573577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5991731882095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.5708033442497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5597918629646301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5065888166427612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-based","display_name":"Object based","score":0.46274736523628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3863699734210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17430371046066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.13408920168876648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7228264808654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6791905164718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6027810573577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5991731882095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.5708033442497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5597918629646301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5065888166427612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019973339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899523","display_name":"Object based","level":3,"score":0.46274736523628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3863699734210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17430371046066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.13408920168876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2016.7487487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2016.7487487","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7746136","https://openalex.org/W80618319","https://openalex.org/W170770739","https://openalex.org/W1029926089","https://openalex.org/W1508404128","https://openalex.org/W1516887802","https://openalex.org/W1544183378","https://openalex.org/W1912649600","https://openalex.org/W1988197306","https://openalex.org/W1992178727","https://openalex.org/W2016135469","https://openalex.org/W2022515186","https://openalex.org/W2027280064","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2037938259","https://openalex.org/W2044164936","https://openalex.org/W2045437917","https://openalex.org/W2054279472","https://openalex.org/W2066624635","https://openalex.org/W2067107771","https://openalex.org/W2083049794","https://openalex.org/W2100193157","https://openalex.org/W2104446196","https://openalex.org/W2109770203","https://openalex.org/W2111644456","https://openalex.org/W2133155955","https://openalex.org/W2135249503","https://openalex.org/W2136475381","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2150408100","https://openalex.org/W2161236525","https://openalex.org/W2168676389","https://openalex.org/W2174962631","https://openalex.org/W2295581249","https://openalex.org/W2392291153","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2952793010","https://openalex.org/W3021282624","https://openalex.org/W3144916399","https://openalex.org/W6600313631","https://openalex.org/W6603199885","https://openalex.org/W6640185247","https://openalex.org/W6660100523","https://openalex.org/W6675396308"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285271403","https://openalex.org/W2542007731","https://openalex.org/W2968379562","https://openalex.org/W3156013036","https://openalex.org/W4388689193","https://openalex.org/W29633852","https://openalex.org/W2091015105","https://openalex.org/W2110899030","https://openalex.org/W2985362983","https://openalex.org/W4327670844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"vision":[1],"based":[2],"systems":[3],"for":[4,24,40,130],"object":[5,17],"tracking":[6,63,83,100],"in":[7,87],"urban":[8],"environments":[9],"focus":[10],"on":[11,122],"a":[12,60,110],"limited":[13],"number":[14],"of":[15,38,113],"important":[16],"categories":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"cars":[21],"or":[22,49],"pedestrians,":[23],"which":[25,41,65],"powerful":[26],"detectors":[27,43],"are":[28,106,137],"available.":[29],"However,":[30],"practical":[31],"driving":[32],"scenarios":[33],"contain":[34],"many":[35],"additional":[36],"objects":[37,86],"interest,":[39],"suitable":[42],"either":[44],"do":[45,94],"not":[46,67,95,138],"yet":[47],"exist":[48],"would":[50],"be":[51],"cumbersome":[52],"to":[53,98,108,140],"obtain.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"paper":[57],"we":[58,75,79,93,136],"propose":[59],"more":[61],"general":[62],"approach":[64,121],"does":[66],"follow":[68],"the":[69,101,123,131],"often":[70],"used":[71],"tracking-by-detection":[72],"principle.":[73],"Instead,":[74],"investigate":[76],"how":[77],"far":[78],"can":[80],"get":[81],"by":[82],"unknown,":[84],"generic":[85],"challenging":[88],"street":[89],"scenes.":[90],"As":[91],"such,":[92],"restrict":[96],"ourselves":[97],"only":[99],"most":[102],"common":[103],"categories,":[104],"but":[105],"able":[107],"handle":[109],"large":[111],"variety":[112],"static":[114],"and":[115,126],"moving":[116],"objects.":[117],"We":[118],"evaluate":[119],"our":[120],"KITTI":[124],"dataset":[125],"show":[127],"competitive":[128],"results":[129],"annotated":[132],"classes,":[133],"even":[134],"though":[135],"restricted":[139],"them.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}