{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065920805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6631182","title":"A robot for classifying Chinese calligraphic types and styles","display_name":"A robot for classifying Chinese calligraphic types and styles","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065920805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6631182","mag":"2065920805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2013.6631182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6631182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100660846","display_name":"Yuandong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-5162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuandong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Mech. & Autom. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. & Autom. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031792794","display_name":"Ning Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-6359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Mech. & Autom. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. & Autom. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044361827","display_name":"Huihuan Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-0882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huihuan Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HK","Dept. of Mech. & Autom. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. & Autom. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112309496","display_name":"Yangsheng Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangsheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HK","Dept. of Mech. & Autom. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. & Autom. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"4279","last_page":"4284"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9474999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9474999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.9337999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14155","display_name":"Advanced Technology in Applications","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calligraphy","display_name":"Calligraphy","score":0.9805779457092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6568014621734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5993373990058899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5799320340156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.5521162152290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.534083366394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49495214223861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-art","display_name":"Chinese art","score":0.4639996886253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.42356327176094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.35399723052978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.331203818321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/painting","display_name":"Painting","score":0.15581360459327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.11998432874679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.10613855719566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.1033220887184143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526940114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12681","display_name":"Calligraphy","level":3,"score":0.9805779457092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6568014621734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5993373990058899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5799320340156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.5521162152290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.534083366394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49495214223861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130160918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756615","display_name":"Chinese art","level":3,"score":0.4639996886253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.42356327176094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.35399723052978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.331203818321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.15581360459327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.11998432874679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.10613855719566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.1033220887184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2013.6631182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6631182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586524809","https://openalex.org/W1509874005","https://openalex.org/W1561143907","https://openalex.org/W1582300788","https://openalex.org/W1863763747","https://openalex.org/W1990019321","https://openalex.org/W2005035877","https://openalex.org/W2010482430","https://openalex.org/W2038589533","https://openalex.org/W2061102503","https://openalex.org/W2080760279","https://openalex.org/W2087602077","https://openalex.org/W2100350470","https://openalex.org/W2111846442","https://openalex.org/W2122145500","https://openalex.org/W2137482573","https://openalex.org/W2137858287","https://openalex.org/W2141539189","https://openalex.org/W2144665669","https://openalex.org/W4300885858","https://openalex.org/W6630410833","https://openalex.org/W6634985502","https://openalex.org/W6680153821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388134297","https://openalex.org/W2385717344","https://openalex.org/W2357799909","https://openalex.org/W2921183733","https://openalex.org/W2351233701","https://openalex.org/W3208544541","https://openalex.org/W2068846974","https://openalex.org/W2370625375","https://openalex.org/W4321598169","https://openalex.org/W2356603593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"one":[1],"of":[2,7,92,100,116,133,138,173,189],"the":[3,69,90,104,122,139,148,159,182],"most":[4,70],"unique":[5],"types":[6,58,135],"art":[8,50],"in":[9,37,61],"Chinese":[10,13,34,62,140],"culture,":[11],"nowadays":[12],"calligraphy":[14,141,174,183,190],"is":[15,68,79],"attracting":[16],"increasing":[17],"interests":[18],"from":[19],"researchers.":[20],"It":[21],"will":[22,42],"be":[23],"a":[24,30,44,74,80,84,98,113],"big":[25,81],"step":[26],"if":[27],"we":[28,96],"have":[29],"robot":[31,85,105,184],"to":[32,46,65,73,86,102,106],"write":[33],"calligraphy,":[35,63],"especially":[36],"various":[38],"styles,":[39],"and":[40,59,64,119,128,136,144,175],"it":[41,78,108,191],"form":[43],"bridge":[45],"combine":[47],"science":[48],"with":[49],"directly.":[51],"However,":[52],"there":[53],"are":[54,142,153],"so":[55],"many":[56],"different":[57],"styles":[60,137],"distinguish":[66],"them":[67],"basic":[71],"quality":[72],"green":[75],"hand,":[76],"but":[77],"challenge":[82],"for":[83,125,193],"do":[87],"so.":[88],"For":[89],"lack":[91],"exploration":[93],"about":[94],"this,":[95],"conduct":[97],"lot":[99],"experiments":[101],"help":[103],"accomplish":[107],"automatically.":[109],"We":[110],"first":[111],"propose":[112],"parametric":[114,160],"representation":[115,161],"calligraphic":[117],"characters,":[118],"then":[120],"adopt":[121],"Mahalanobis":[123],"distance":[124],"similarity":[126,156],"measurement":[127],"classification.":[129],"The":[130],"average":[131],"accuracies":[132],"classifying":[134],"96.36%":[143],"95.61%":[145],"respectively.":[146],"During":[147],"experiments,":[149],"some":[150,164],"interesting":[151],"phenomena":[152],"discovered":[154],"through":[155],"measure.":[157],"Meanwhile,":[158],"also":[162],"has":[163],"potential":[165],"applications,":[166],"such":[167],"as":[168],"defining":[169],"aesthetic":[170],"grading":[171],"standards":[172],"synthesizing":[176],"calligraphy.":[177],"Based":[178],"on":[179],"our":[180],"research,":[181],"can":[185],"tell":[186],"which":[187],"style":[188],"sees":[192],"mimicking.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}