{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016990484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2012.6225290","title":"Temporal logic motion control using actor-critic methods","display_name":"Temporal logic motion control using actor-critic methods","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016990484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2012.6225290","mag":"2016990484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2012.6225290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2012.6225290","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.2185","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112111513","display_name":"Xu Chu Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145666","display_name":"Embedded Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04742eh45","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726811","display_name":"Hartford Financial Services (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mwq1g96","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726811"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Chu Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded Systems and Networks group, United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT","Embedded Systems and Networks group, United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems and Networks group, United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145666","https://openalex.org/I4401726811"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems and Networks group, United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145666","https://openalex.org/I4401726811"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378632","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-0353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of System Eng., Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., and Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Boston University, Boston, MA","Division of System Eng., Boston University, MA 02215, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of System Eng., Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., and Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Boston University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of System Eng., Boston University, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069564559","display_name":"Morteza Lahijanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-4365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morteza Lahijanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of System Eng., Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., and Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Boston University, Boston, MA","Division of System Eng., Boston University, MA 02215, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of System Eng., Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., and Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Boston University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of System Eng., Boston University, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075696701","display_name":"Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-2913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of System Eng., Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., and Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Boston University, Boston, MA","Division of System Eng., Boston University, MA 02215, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of System Eng., Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., and Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Boston University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of System Eng., Boston University, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086742095","display_name":"C\u0103lin Belta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-2657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calin A. Belta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of System Eng., Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., and Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Boston University, Boston, MA","Division of System Eng., Boston University, MA 02215, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of System Eng., Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng., and Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Boston University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of System Eng., Boston University, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2114,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88556485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4687","last_page":"4692"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.8252332210540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7095029354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6807998418807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-temporal-logic","display_name":"Linear temporal logic","score":0.560943067073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5591710805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-logic","display_name":"Temporal logic","score":0.5517334342002869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.5501443147659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.5366968512535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4889458417892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4454551041126251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4383500814437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.43466776609420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4131201207637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3265077471733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.22345101833343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18565258383750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17948195338249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1224316954612732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.8252332210540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7095029354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6807998418807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4777664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536492","display_name":"Linear temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.560943067073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5591710805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.5517334342002869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.5501443147659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.5366968512535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4889458417892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4454551041126251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4383500814437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43466776609420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4131201207637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3265077471733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.22345101833343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18565258383750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17948195338249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1224316954612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2012.6225290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2012.6225290","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1202.2185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.2185","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.2185","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1202.2185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.2185","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.2185","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open.bu.edu:2144/18026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2144/18026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402183","display_name":"OpenBU/Boston University Institutional Repository (Boston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","host_organization_name":"Boston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1202.2185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.2185","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.2185","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1340401080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EFRI-0735974","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2552743231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-10-1-0952","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2753328531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EFRI-0735974","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337395","funder_display_name":"Division of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2883152556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EFRI-0735974","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2997417562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-10-1-0952","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3042571477","display_name":"EFRI-ARESCI: Event-Driven Sensing for Enterprise Reconfigurability and Optimization","funder_award_id":"0735974","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7699092579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-09-1051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8822857606","display_name":"DISTRIBUTED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS FOR LONG TERM DEPLOYMENTS","funder_award_id":"FG52-06NA27490","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G939063080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-FG52-06NA27490","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337395","display_name":"Division of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/0388pet74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2016990484.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1266757872","https://openalex.org/W1482244486","https://openalex.org/W1496256885","https://openalex.org/W1498432697","https://openalex.org/W1531214994","https://openalex.org/W1597303641","https://openalex.org/W1854776945","https://openalex.org/W1964782533","https://openalex.org/W1967294943","https://openalex.org/W1970269621","https://openalex.org/W1994511055","https://openalex.org/W2009303086","https://openalex.org/W2016990484","https://openalex.org/W2020293036","https://openalex.org/W2020883449","https://openalex.org/W2049553644","https://openalex.org/W2091565802","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2103451687","https://openalex.org/W2104241562","https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2124339220","https://openalex.org/W2130786035","https://openalex.org/W2153358971","https://openalex.org/W2157807654","https://openalex.org/W2163941698","https://openalex.org/W2165364079","https://openalex.org/W2167978186","https://openalex.org/W2226214879","https://openalex.org/W2334782222","https://openalex.org/W2963778636","https://openalex.org/W2964131705","https://openalex.org/W4255368532","https://openalex.org/W6631747474","https://openalex.org/W6662768456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124110813","https://openalex.org/W4389475841","https://openalex.org/W1932159282","https://openalex.org/W4241327272","https://openalex.org/W2120406836","https://openalex.org/W4285537323","https://openalex.org/W1996214847","https://openalex.org/W2521108391","https://openalex.org/W1532447905","https://openalex.org/W2903299703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,111],"consider":[4],"the":[5,25,35,47,50,64,68,72,77,94,99,127,137,167],"problem":[6,61,97],"of":[7,27,49,70,126,136,151,166],"deploying":[8],"a":[9,12,16,28,53,80,120,141,148],"robot":[10,36,59,138],"from":[11],"specification":[13],"given":[14],"as":[15,52,90,92],"temporal":[17,73,122],"logic":[18,74],"statement":[19],"about":[20],"some":[21],"properties":[22],"satisfied":[23],"by":[24],"regions":[26,48],"large,":[29],"partitioned":[30],"environment.":[31],"We":[32],"assume":[33],"that":[34,164],"has":[37],"noisy":[38],"sensors":[39],"and":[40,42,139],"actuators":[41],"model":[43],"its":[44],"motion":[45],"through":[46],"environment":[51],"Markov":[54],"Decision":[55],"Process":[56],"(MDP).":[57],"The":[58,153],"control":[60,65,143],"becomes":[62],"finding":[63],"policy":[66,101,144],"maximizing":[67],"probability":[69],"satisfying":[71],"task":[75],"on":[76,119,133],"MDP.":[78],"For":[79],"large":[81],"environment,":[82],"obtaining":[83],"transition":[84,154],"probabilities":[85,155],"for":[86,98],"each":[87],"state-action":[88],"pair,":[89],"well":[91],"solving":[93],"necessary":[95],"optimization":[96],"optimal":[100,173],"are":[102,156],"usually":[103],"not":[104],"computationally":[105],"feasible.":[106],"To":[107],"address":[108],"these":[109],"issues,":[110],"propose":[112],"an":[113,171],"approximate":[114],"dynamic":[115],"programming":[116],"framework":[117,131],"based":[118],"least-square":[121],"difference":[123],"learning":[124],"method":[125],"actor-critic":[128],"type.":[129],"This":[130],"operates":[132],"sample":[134],"paths":[135],"optimizes":[140],"randomized":[142],"with":[145],"respect":[146],"to":[147,170],"small":[149],"set":[150],"parameters.":[152],"obtained":[157],"only":[158],"when":[159],"needed.":[160],"Hardware-in-the-loop":[161],"simulations":[162],"confirm":[163],"convergence":[165],"parameters":[168],"translates":[169],"approximately":[172],"policy.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
