{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143194472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5980369","title":"Boosting scalable gradient features for adaptive real-time tracking","display_name":"Boosting scalable gradient features for adaptive real-time tracking","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143194472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5980369","mag":"2143194472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2011.5980369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5980369","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028713956","display_name":"Dominik A. Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-5700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dominik A. Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Vision Systems Group, Department of Computer Science III, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, Bonn, Germany","Intelligent Vision Systems Group, Department of Computer Science III, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, 53117, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Vision Systems Group, Department of Computer Science III, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Vision Systems Group, Department of Computer Science III, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, 53117, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109046710","display_name":"Armin B. Cremers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7693-4649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin B. Cremers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Vision Systems Group, Department of Computer Science III, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, Bonn, Germany","Intelligent Vision Systems Group, Department of Computer Science III, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, 53117, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Vision Systems Group, Department of Computer Science III, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Vision Systems Group, Department of Computer Science III, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, 53117, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028713956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93290358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"4411","last_page":"4416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7278627157211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6154862642288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6135714650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5777913331985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5335529446601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5294491648674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5186711549758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.48672059178352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4708497226238251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.4693385660648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4682534635066986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.44923877716064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4295123219490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4229077100753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41685599088668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.3065258264541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19540539383888245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18099841475486755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7278627157211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6154862642288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6135714650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5777913331985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5335529446601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5294491648674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5186711549758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.48672059178352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4708497226238251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.4693385660648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4682534635066986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.44923877716064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4295123219490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4229077100753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41685599088668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3065258264541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19540539383888245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18099841475486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2011.5980369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5980369","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185853634","https://openalex.org/W1513768190","https://openalex.org/W1987118352","https://openalex.org/W1995903777","https://openalex.org/W2006687482","https://openalex.org/W2016309246","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2034276366","https://openalex.org/W2071881989","https://openalex.org/W2099355420","https://openalex.org/W2159589665","https://openalex.org/W2161406034","https://openalex.org/W2161567010","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2169671170","https://openalex.org/W2293873019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967733078","https://openalex.org/W3204430031","https://openalex.org/W3137904399","https://openalex.org/W4310492845","https://openalex.org/W2885778889","https://openalex.org/W4310224730","https://openalex.org/W2766514146","https://openalex.org/W4289703016","https://openalex.org/W2885516856","https://openalex.org/W3094138326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"several":[1],"image":[2],"gradient":[3,35,76,110],"and":[4,25,69,134],"edge":[5,37],"based":[6,75,102,109],"features":[7,77,111],"have":[8],"been":[9],"introduced.":[10],"In":[11,62],"unison,":[12],"they":[13],"all":[14],"discovered":[15],"that":[16,90],"object":[17,133],"shape":[18,121],"is":[19,46,115,129,158],"a":[20,67],"strong":[21],"cue":[22],"for":[23,99],"recognition":[24],"tracking.":[26,103,138],"Generally":[27],"their":[28],"basic":[29],"feature":[30],"extraction":[31],"relies":[32],"on":[33,159],"pixel-wise":[34],"or":[36,56,151,161],"computation":[38],"using":[39,167],"discrete":[40],"filter":[41,101,157],"masks,":[42],"while":[43,137],"scale":[44,80],"invariance":[45],"later":[47],"achieved":[48],"by":[49],"higher":[50],"level":[51],"operations":[52],"like":[53],"accumulating":[54],"histograms":[55],"abstracting":[57],"edgels":[58],"to":[59,72,117,131,144,147],"line":[60],"segments.":[61],"this":[63,112],"paper":[64],"we":[65,140],"show":[66],"novel":[68],"fast":[70],"way":[71],"compute":[73],"region":[74,108],"which":[78],"are":[79,91],"invariant":[81],"themselves.":[82],"We":[83,163],"developed":[84,141],"specialized,":[85],"quick":[86],"learnable":[87],"weak":[88],"classifiers":[89],"integrated":[92],"into":[93],"our":[94,165],"adaptively":[95],"boosted":[96],"observation":[97,113,127],"model":[98,114,128],"particle":[100],"With":[104],"an":[105],"ensemble":[106],"of":[107,122],"able":[116],"reliably":[118],"capture":[119],"the":[120,123,149,156,168,176],"tracked":[124],"object.":[125],"The":[126],"adapted":[130],"new":[132],"background":[135],"appearances":[136],"Thus":[139],"advanced":[142],"methods":[143],"decide":[145],"when":[146],"update":[148],"model,":[150],"in":[152],"other":[153],"words,":[154],"if":[155],"target":[160],"not.":[162],"evaluated":[164],"approach":[166],"BoBoT":[169],"<sup":[170,178],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[171,179],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>":[172],"as":[173,175],"well":[174],"PROST":[177],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[180],"datasets.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
