{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160686985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5979830","title":"Robonaut 2 - The first humanoid robot in space","display_name":"Robonaut 2 - The first humanoid robot in space","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160686985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5979830","mag":"2160686985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2011.5979830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5979830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061805265","display_name":"Myron Diftler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149382","display_name":"Johnson Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xx4z452","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.A. Diftler","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","NASA/JSC, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/JSC, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035986513","display_name":"Frank Permenter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-7449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I825935405","display_name":"Oceaneering International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hydf024","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I825935405"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F.A. Permenter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oceaneering Space Systems, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oceaneering Space Systems, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I825935405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043298768","display_name":"Brian Hargrave","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I825935405","display_name":"Oceaneering International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hydf024","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I825935405"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.K. Hargrave","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oceaneering Space Systems, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oceaneering Space Systems, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I825935405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072578581","display_name":"Robert W. Platt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5981-8443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149382","display_name":"Johnson Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xx4z452","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Platt","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","NASA/JSC, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/JSC, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049235595","display_name":"Robert T. Savely","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149382","display_name":"Johnson Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xx4z452","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.T. Savely","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","NASA/JSC, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/JSC, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111961512","display_name":"R.O. Ambrose","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149382","display_name":"Johnson Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xx4z452","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.O. Ambrose","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043589226","display_name":"Joshua S. Mehling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-9334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149382","display_name":"Johnson Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xx4z452","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.S. Mehling","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","NASA/JSC, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/JSC, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025530817","display_name":"Muhammad E. Abdallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0266-5052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.E. Abdallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors, Warren, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors, Warren, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111270297","display_name":"N. A. Radford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149382","display_name":"Johnson Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xx4z452","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.A. Radford","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073423241","display_name":"Lyndon Bridgwater","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149382","display_name":"Johnson Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xx4z452","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.B. Bridgwater","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044953326","display_name":"Alex Sanders","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.M. Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors, Warren, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors, Warren, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083524647","display_name":"R.S. Askew","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149382","display_name":"Johnson Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04xx4z452","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779","https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.S. Askew","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","NASA/JSC, Houston, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/JSC, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082142349","display_name":"D. M. Linn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.M. Linn","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors, Warren, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069587498","display_name":"John D. Yamokoski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I825935405","display_name":"Oceaneering International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hydf024","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I825935405"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.D. Yamokoski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oceaneering Space Systems, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oceaneering Space Systems, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I825935405"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061805265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.6403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":450,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99760671,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2178","last_page":"2183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13280","display_name":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechatronics","display_name":"Mechatronics","score":0.6996667981147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanoid-robot","display_name":"Humanoid robot","score":0.6670824289321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.548764169216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5378649830818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5236446857452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.501434326171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torso","display_name":"Torso","score":0.4981119632720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.478141188621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.4527941942214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.44176754355430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.43219631910324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4314826726913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-control","display_name":"Motion control","score":0.41392844915390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3986409902572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3926308751106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3805714249610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3567013442516327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24474602937698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11683771014213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09913492202758789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28704281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180165","display_name":"Mechatronics","level":2,"score":0.6996667981147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.6670824289321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.548764169216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5378649830818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5236446857452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.501434326171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523889960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160695","display_name":"Torso","level":2,"score":0.4981119632720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.478141188621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.4527941942214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.44176754355430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.43219631910324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4314826726913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145565327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852514","display_name":"Motion control","level":3,"score":0.41392844915390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3986409902572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3926308751106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3805714249610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3567013442516327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24474602937698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11683771014213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09913492202758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2011.5979830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5979830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20100040493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100040493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"JSC-CN-21648"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587882167","https://openalex.org/W1744335642","https://openalex.org/W1967377907","https://openalex.org/W1978023077","https://openalex.org/W1978721729","https://openalex.org/W1984995420","https://openalex.org/W1996630649","https://openalex.org/W2000535285","https://openalex.org/W2098030061","https://openalex.org/W2111253117","https://openalex.org/W2142992961","https://openalex.org/W2144573888","https://openalex.org/W2159717066","https://openalex.org/W2162488100","https://openalex.org/W2168936093","https://openalex.org/W2171090690","https://openalex.org/W2546286443","https://openalex.org/W6683723728"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381953457","https://openalex.org/W2037557144","https://openalex.org/W2285739514","https://openalex.org/W2058088690","https://openalex.org/W2086597735","https://openalex.org/W2052143774","https://openalex.org/W1984495143","https://openalex.org/W2214501612","https://openalex.org/W2543957088","https://openalex.org/W1532965292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"NASA":[0],"and":[1,14,28,70,82,103,108,113,136,148,162,175],"General":[2],"Motors":[3],"have":[4],"developed":[5],"the":[6,21,37,91,94,101,120,145,156,172],"second":[7],"generation":[8],"Robonaut,":[9],"Robonaut":[10,121],"2":[11],"or":[12],"R2,":[13],"it":[15,51],"is":[16,98],"scheduled":[17],"to":[18,131,140,171],"arrive":[19],"on":[20],"International":[22],"Space":[23,173],"Station":[24,174],"in":[25,78,126,137],"early":[26],"2011":[27],"undergo":[29],"initial":[30],"testing":[31],"by":[32,151],"mid-year.":[33],"This":[34],"state":[35],"of":[36,66,90,93,119],"art,":[38],"dexterous,":[39],"anthropomorphic":[40],"robotic":[41],"torso":[42],"has":[43],"significant":[44,142],"technical":[45],"improvements":[46],"over":[47],"its":[48,138],"predecessor":[49],"making":[50],"a":[52,79,88,168],"far":[53],"more":[54,80],"valuable":[55],"tool":[56],"for":[57,111],"astronauts.":[58],"Upgrades":[59],"include:":[60],"increased":[61],"force":[62],"sensing,":[63],"greater":[64],"range":[65],"motion,":[67],"higher":[68],"bandwidth,":[69],"improved":[71],"dexterity.":[72],"R2's":[73],"integrated":[74,158],"mechatronic":[75],"design":[76,139],"results":[77],"compact":[81],"robust":[83],"distributed":[84],"control":[85,160],"system":[86],"with":[87,106],"fraction":[89],"wiring":[92],"original":[95],"Robonaut.":[96],"Modularity":[97],"prevalent":[99],"throughout":[100],"hardware":[102,147],"software":[104],"along":[105],"innovative":[107],"layered":[109],"approaches":[110],"sensing":[112],"control.":[114],"The":[115,153],"most":[116],"important":[117],"aspects":[118],"philosophy":[122],"are":[123],"clearly":[124],"present":[125],"this":[127],"latest":[128],"model's":[129],"ability":[130],"allow":[132],"comfortable":[133],"human":[134],"interaction":[135],"perform":[141],"work":[143],"using":[144],"same":[146],"interfaces":[149],"used":[150],"people.":[152,183],"following":[154],"describes":[155],"mechanisms,":[157],"electronics,":[159],"strategies,":[161],"user":[163],"interface":[164],"that":[165],"make":[166],"R2":[167],"promising":[169],"addition":[170],"other":[176],"environments":[177],"where":[178],"humanoid":[179],"robots":[180],"can":[181],"assist":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
