{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145304118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5979736","title":"Spatiotemporal energy modeling for foreground segmentation in multiple object tracking","display_name":"Spatiotemporal energy modeling for foreground segmentation in multiple object tracking","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145304118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5979736","mag":"2145304118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2011.5979736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5979736","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102988843","display_name":"Jie Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5070-1349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23632641","display_name":"Shanghai University of Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/02w4tny03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electrical Power, Shanghai, China","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Tongji, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electrical Power, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23632641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Tongji, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100526280","display_name":"Zhen Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Technologies Research Center Limited, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Technologies Research Center Limited, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054829905","display_name":"Zhipeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4135-0838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Tongji, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Tongji, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115589611","display_name":"Fuqiang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Tongji, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Tongji, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090390841","display_name":"Jianwei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-2178"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Technologies Research Center Limited, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Technologies Research Center Limited, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112828702","display_name":"Pei-Yuan Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Yuan Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Technologies Research Center Limited, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Technologies Research Center Limited, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102988843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I23632641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86285787,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"3875","last_page":"3880"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8063327074050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7979996204376221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7647773623466492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7003580927848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.6333920955657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6275970935821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5676852464675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5275275707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5155879855155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreground-detection","display_name":"Foreground detection","score":0.5063949823379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.47414180636405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45099568367004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4441835582256317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4279940724372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.4277900457382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.2810227870941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11866167187690735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8063327074050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7979996204376221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7647773623466492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7003580927848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.6333920955657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6275970935821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5676852464675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5275275707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5155879855155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779769447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Foreground detection","level":4,"score":0.5063949823379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.47414180636405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45099568367004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4441835582256317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4279940724372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.4277900457382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.2810227870941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11866167187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icra.2011.5979736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5979736","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322449","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521226829","https://openalex.org/W1525007010","https://openalex.org/W2024186559","https://openalex.org/W2089398337","https://openalex.org/W2097009900","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2115780336","https://openalex.org/W2118143383","https://openalex.org/W2121072458","https://openalex.org/W2130293653","https://openalex.org/W2140235142","https://openalex.org/W2141822239","https://openalex.org/W2155680787","https://openalex.org/W2171885832","https://openalex.org/W2914976302","https://openalex.org/W4248936881","https://openalex.org/W7057920364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105103921","https://openalex.org/W1999137714","https://openalex.org/W2953123162","https://openalex.org/W2086414697","https://openalex.org/W2188430267","https://openalex.org/W4298195641","https://openalex.org/W2084753955","https://openalex.org/W2110416663","https://openalex.org/W2123129869","https://openalex.org/W1987287817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"introduce":[4],"spatiotemporal":[5,86],"energy":[6,87],"modeling":[7],"for":[8,71],"foreground":[9,20,52,90,98],"segmentation":[10],"in":[11,74,97],"multiple":[12,30],"object":[13],"tracking,":[14],"a":[15,25],"high":[16],"accuracy":[17],"and":[18,33,42,55,83,99,102],"real-time":[19],"target":[21,72],"extraction":[22,91],"algorithm.":[23,120],"From":[24],"single":[26],"video":[27,114],"sequence":[28],"with":[29],"moving":[31],"objects":[32,53],"stationary":[34],"background,":[35],"our":[36,61,119],"algorithm":[37],"combines":[38],"spatial":[39],"(color":[40],"distribution)":[41],"temporal":[43],"(variety":[44],"between":[45],"two":[46],"consecutive":[47],"frames)":[48],"information":[49],"to":[50,64],"extract":[51],"accurately":[54],"efficiently.":[56],"The":[57],"key":[58],"idea":[59],"of":[60,111,118],"method":[62],"is":[63],"employ":[65],"tracking":[66],"results":[67,110],"as":[68],"feedback":[69],"cues":[70],"detection":[73],"the":[75,81,89,116],"next":[76],"frame,":[77],"which":[78],"adaptively":[79],"updates":[80],"weights":[82],"threshold.":[84],"Using":[85],"modeling,":[88],"errors":[92],"caused":[93],"by":[94],"ambiguous":[95],"colors":[96],"background":[100],"boundary":[101],"abnormal":[103],"movements":[104],"can":[105],"be":[106],"substantially":[107],"reduced.":[108],"Experimental":[109],"complex":[112],"scenario":[113],"demonstrate":[115],"effectiveness":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}