{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312430353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956189","title":"The LAM Dataset: A Novel Benchmark for Line-Level Handwritten Text Recognition","display_name":"The LAM Dataset: A Novel Benchmark for Line-Level Handwritten Text Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312430353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607731","display_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1276658","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041010671","display_name":"Silvia Cascianelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7885-6050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Cascianelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena,Italy","University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040381049","display_name":"Vittorio Pippi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7365-6348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vittorio Pippi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena,Italy","University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083359437","display_name":"Martin Maarand","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Maarand","raw_affiliation_strings":["TEKLIA,Paris,France","TEKLIA, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TEKLIA,Paris,France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TEKLIA, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066519737","display_name":"Marcella Cornia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9640-9385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcella Cornia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena,Italy","University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048928616","display_name":"Lorenzo Baraldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-4957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Baraldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena,Italy","University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024834377","display_name":"Christopher Kermorvant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-4080"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Kermorvant","raw_affiliation_strings":["TEKLIA,Paris,France","TEKLIA, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TEKLIA,Paris,France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TEKLIA, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030948871","display_name":"Rita Cucchiara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-283X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rita Cucchiara","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena,Italy","University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Modena,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041010671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6566,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78492869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1506","last_page":"1513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.762427806854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7602840662002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6839995980262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.612139880657196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.5915389060974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5865926742553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5260688662528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49668723344802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3686116635799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.26745396852493286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.762427806854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7602840662002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6839995980262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.612139880657196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5915389060974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5865926742553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5260688662528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49668723344802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3686116635799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.26745396852493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607731","display_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1314107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1314107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1276658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1276658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196326","display_name":"Iris Unimore (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1276658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1276658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196326","display_name":"Iris Unimore (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W817121634","https://openalex.org/W1993155451","https://openalex.org/W2008274828","https://openalex.org/W2013962506","https://openalex.org/W2049105599","https://openalex.org/W2065672539","https://openalex.org/W2117671523","https://openalex.org/W2134614734","https://openalex.org/W2136297401","https://openalex.org/W2152928267","https://openalex.org/W2194187530","https://openalex.org/W2314521562","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2573601984","https://openalex.org/W2577122925","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2780222960","https://openalex.org/W2785820430","https://openalex.org/W2786974559","https://openalex.org/W2793404167","https://openalex.org/W2798258579","https://openalex.org/W2806645137","https://openalex.org/W2895359355","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2906299545","https://openalex.org/W2916222163","https://openalex.org/W2952026396","https://openalex.org/W2962707697","https://openalex.org/W2963925710","https://openalex.org/W2964099383","https://openalex.org/W2964325005","https://openalex.org/W2999778248","https://openalex.org/W3000629728","https://openalex.org/W3003285202","https://openalex.org/W3003428515","https://openalex.org/W3004377989","https://openalex.org/W3034726763","https://openalex.org/W3038203375","https://openalex.org/W3043224321","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3109563519","https://openalex.org/W3112447751","https://openalex.org/W3129576130","https://openalex.org/W3152720259","https://openalex.org/W3166396011","https://openalex.org/W3170874841","https://openalex.org/W3184543489","https://openalex.org/W3196329608","https://openalex.org/W3199928321","https://openalex.org/W3207037366","https://openalex.org/W3216130706","https://openalex.org/W4229453476","https://openalex.org/W4238410424","https://openalex.org/W4289751412","https://openalex.org/W4306292341","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6607694189","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6623000057","https://openalex.org/W6704241340","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6753558063","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6773066478","https://openalex.org/W6778548168","https://openalex.org/W6780560095","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6788135285","https://openalex.org/W6790978476","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6793890502","https://openalex.org/W6801803889","https://openalex.org/W6802300086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374398405","https://openalex.org/W2360349537","https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W2371953206","https://openalex.org/W2352878362","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2744690920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Handwritten":[0],"Text":[1],"Recognition":[2],"(HTR)":[3],"is":[4,124,190],"an":[5],"open":[6],"problem":[7],"at":[8,194],"the":[9,29,32,35,38,43,52,62,66,76,116,119,135,139,149,181],"intersection":[10],"of":[11,31,37,42,54,64,87,118,141,184],"Computer":[12],"Vision":[13],"and":[14,51,108,168,179],"Natural":[15],"Language":[16],"Processing.":[17],"The":[18,99,121,188],"main":[19],"challenges,":[20],"when":[21],"dealing":[22],"with":[23,172],"historical":[24],"manuscripts,":[25],"are":[26,159],"due":[27],"to":[28,126,144,174],"preservation":[30],"paper":[33,73],"support,":[34],"variability":[36],"handwriting":[39],"\u2013":[40,50],"even":[41],"same":[44,150],"author":[45,95],"over":[46,96],"a":[47,82,93,105,109],"wide":[48],"time-span":[49],"scarcity":[53],"data":[55,158],"from":[56],"ancient,":[57],"poorly":[58],"represented":[59],"languages.":[60],"With":[61],"aim":[63],"fostering":[65],"research":[67],"on":[68,129,138],"this":[69,72],"topic,":[70],"in":[71,102,132,152],"we":[74,165],"present":[75,180],"Ludovico":[77],"Antonio":[78],"Muratori":[79],"(LAM)":[80],"dataset,":[81],"large":[83],"line-level":[84,176],"HTR":[85,128,142,177,186],"dataset":[86,100,189],"Italian":[88],"ancient":[89,130],"manuscripts":[90],"edited":[91],"by":[92,148],"single":[94],"60":[97],"years.":[98],"comes":[101],"two":[103],"configurations:":[104],"basic":[106],"splitting":[107,111],"date-based":[110],"which":[112,156],"takes":[113],"into":[114],"account":[115],"age":[117],"author.":[120],"first":[122],"setting":[123],"intended":[125],"study":[127],"documents":[131],"Italian,":[133],"while":[134],"second":[136],"focuses":[137],"ability":[140],"systems":[143],"recognize":[145],"text":[146],"written":[147],"writer":[151],"time":[153],"periods":[154],"for":[155,192],"training":[157],"not":[160],"available.":[161],"For":[162],"both":[163],"configurations,":[164],"analyze":[166],"quantitative":[167],"qualitative":[169],"characteristics,":[170],"also":[171],"respect":[173],"other":[175],"benchmarks,":[178],"recognition":[182],"performance":[183],"state-of-the-art":[185],"architectures.":[187],"available":[191],"download":[193],"https://aimagelab.ing.unimore.it/go/lam.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
