{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313037520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956125","title":"Thyroid Cancer Diagnostic System using Magnetic Resonance Imaging","display_name":"Thyroid Cancer Diagnostic System using Magnetic Resonance Imaging","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313037520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607731","display_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067545836","display_name":"Ahmed Sharafeldeen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6838-8211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Sharafeldeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051544493","display_name":"Mohamed Elsharkawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9242-9709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Elsharkawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068000455","display_name":"Ahmed Shaffie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-6292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Shaffie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003428654","display_name":"Fahmi Khalifa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-2851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Khalifa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013054530","display_name":"Ahmed Soliman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-3416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Soliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101792938","display_name":"Ahmed M. Naglah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-5239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Naglah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033686290","display_name":"Reem Khaled","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Khaled","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mansoura University,Radiology Department,Egypt","Radiology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mansoura University,Radiology Department,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101952386","display_name":"Manar Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0961-6464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. M. Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mansoura University,Radiology Department,Egypt","Radiology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mansoura University,Radiology Department,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115604088","display_name":"Mohammed Alrahmawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2719-3096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Alrahmawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mansoura University,Faculty of Computers and Information,Computer Science Department,Egypt","Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mansoura University,Faculty of Computers and Information,Computer Science Department,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080087070","display_name":"Samir Elmougy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0765-5355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Elmougy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mansoura University,Faculty of Computers and Information,Computer Science Department,Egypt","Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mansoura University,Faculty of Computers and Information,Computer Science Department,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025387125","display_name":"Jawad Yousaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-3007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Yousaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abu Dhabi University,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,UAE","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abu Dhabi University,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020634024","display_name":"Mohammed Ghazal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-6698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ghazal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abu Dhabi University,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,UAE","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abu Dhabi University,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075057705","display_name":"Ayman El\u2010Baz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-1323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. El-Baz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville,BioImaging Lab,Bioengineering Department,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, BioImaging Lab, University of Louisville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7448,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92867133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4365","last_page":"4370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10329","display_name":"Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10329","display_name":"Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.724511981010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.5121462345123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5061187148094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4925294816493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4227641224861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3488309979438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33533406257629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32858458161354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24330344796180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.1788346767425537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.724511981010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.5121462345123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5061187148094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4925294816493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4227641224861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3488309979438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33533406257629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32858458161354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24330344796180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.1788346767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607731","display_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608391071","https://openalex.org/W1948683026","https://openalex.org/W2003170314","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2122751628","https://openalex.org/W2145150141","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2788538718","https://openalex.org/W2794186477","https://openalex.org/W2807482973","https://openalex.org/W2886657857","https://openalex.org/W2889685514","https://openalex.org/W2891008282","https://openalex.org/W2914936400","https://openalex.org/W3012441747","https://openalex.org/W3036138508","https://openalex.org/W3115450487","https://openalex.org/W3130530872","https://openalex.org/W3132146525","https://openalex.org/W3173455369","https://openalex.org/W4200108250","https://openalex.org/W6651013380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3021493803","https://openalex.org/W2257755506","https://openalex.org/W2011111248","https://openalex.org/W2462603952","https://openalex.org/W4256129901","https://openalex.org/W2002934375","https://openalex.org/W2006468016","https://openalex.org/W2912860444","https://openalex.org/W1907269663","https://openalex.org/W4386159726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"detection":[1],"and":[2,59,116,145,163,173,202],"diagnosis":[3,24],"of":[4,33,165,183,194],"thyroid":[5,34,204],"nodules":[6,35],"are":[7,54,86,103,169],"very":[8],"important":[9],"to":[10,29,88],"rescue":[11],"patients":[12],"before":[13],"the":[14,19,31,75,97,166,181,192,195],"cancer":[15],"spreads":[16],"all":[17],"over":[18],"patient\u2019s":[20],"body.":[21],"A":[22],"computer-aided":[23],"(CAD)":[25],"system":[26,43,113,132,168,197],"is":[27,65,114],"proposed":[28,130,167],"detect":[30],"malignancy":[32],"using":[36,105,118],"magnetic":[37],"resonance":[38],"imaging":[39],"(MRI)":[40],"scans.":[41],"This":[42],"extracts":[44],"three":[45],"descriptive":[46],"features":[47,53,85,185],"from":[48,74,81,126],"T2-weighted":[49],"(T2)":[50],"MRI.":[51],"These":[52],"1st-order":[55,63],"reflectivity,":[56,58],"2nd-order":[57],"spherical":[60],"harmonic.":[61],"The":[62,111,129,158,176],"reflectivity":[64,184],"represented":[66],"by":[67],"sufficient":[68],"statistics,":[69],"(i.e.":[70],"CDF":[71],"percentiles),":[72],"extracted":[73],"cumulative":[76],"distribution":[77],"function":[78],"(CDF)":[79],"generated":[80],"it.":[82],"After-ward,":[83],"these":[84,101],"fed":[87],"a":[89,146],"neural":[90],"network":[91,151],"(NN)":[92],"individually":[93],"for":[94,100,108],"diagnosis.":[95,110],"Then,":[96],"classification":[98],"outputs":[99],"networks":[102],"fused":[104],"another":[106],"NN":[107],"final":[109],"developed":[112,196],"trained":[115],"tested":[117],"leave-one-subject-out":[119],"(LOSO)":[120],"cross-validation":[121],"technique":[122],"on":[123,180],"MRI":[124],"scans":[125],"63":[127],"patients.":[128],"fusion":[131,182],"shows":[133],"incredible":[134],"improvements":[135],"in":[136,198],"diagnostic":[137],"accuracy,":[138],"compared":[139],"with":[140],"other":[141],"machine":[142],"learning":[143,150],"approach":[144],"well-know":[147],"pretrained":[148],"deep":[149],"as":[152,154,186,188],"well":[153,187],"individual":[155],"feature":[156],"classification.":[157],"overall":[159],"sensitivity,":[160],"specificity,":[161],"F1-score,":[162],"accuracy":[164],"91.3%,":[170,172],"95%,":[171],"93.65%,":[174],"respectively.":[175],"reported":[177],"results,":[178],"based":[179],"morphological":[189],"feature,":[190],"show":[191],"promise":[193],"differentiating":[199],"between":[200],"benign":[201],"malignant":[203],"nodules.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}