{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313051372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956031","title":"3D Face Reconstruction for Forensic Recognition - A Survey","display_name":"3D Face Reconstruction for Forensic Recognition - A Survey","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313051372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607731","display_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.11164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025291414","display_name":"Simone Maurizio La Cava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6344-1845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simone Maurizio La Cava","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cagliari,Italy","University of Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cagliari,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046601560","display_name":"Giulia Orr\u00f9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-2483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Orru","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cagliari,Italy","University of Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cagliari,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010694836","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 Goldmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-4522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Goldmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology,Czech Republic","Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology,Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016379550","display_name":"Martin Drahansk\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9321-7385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Drahansky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology,Czech Republic","Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology,Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002366419","display_name":"Gian Luca Marcialis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-9643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gian Luca Marcialis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cagliari,Italy","University of Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cagliari,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025291414"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3589,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68552165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"930","last_page":"937"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7494338750839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6842641830444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6683598160743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6594006419181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.6045511960983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entertainment","display_name":"Entertainment","score":0.5083102583885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4736329913139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46774178743362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4188598692417145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-reconstruction","display_name":"3D reconstruction","score":0.4120576083660126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2243603765964508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.10499453544616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.07337239384651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07308265566825867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7494338750839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6842641830444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6683598160743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6594006419181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6045511960983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512170562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173799","display_name":"Entertainment","level":2,"score":0.5083102583885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4736329913139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46774178743362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4188598692417145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109950114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4464732","display_name":"3D reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4120576083660126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2243603765964508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.10499453544616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.07337239384651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07308265566825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607731","display_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.11164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11164","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.11164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/353581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11584/353581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.11164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11164","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.11164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G327240593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RIN2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5647625081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRIN2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7356189009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F74I19000370001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8091430692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(MIUR)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313051372.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101103484","https://openalex.org/W158993494","https://openalex.org/W382790406","https://openalex.org/W1566413196","https://openalex.org/W1607808347","https://openalex.org/W1767151246","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1902324625","https://openalex.org/W1911456698","https://openalex.org/W1916406603","https://openalex.org/W1960801737","https://openalex.org/W1963957308","https://openalex.org/W1999533590","https://openalex.org/W2009431074","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2039471487","https://openalex.org/W2057925440","https://openalex.org/W2073744318","https://openalex.org/W2087642411","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2098947662","https://openalex.org/W2107037917","https://openalex.org/W2109647201","https://openalex.org/W2115689562","https://openalex.org/W2122196915","https://openalex.org/W2123392279","https://openalex.org/W2128409098","https://openalex.org/W2131698294","https://openalex.org/W2135016226","https://openalex.org/W2155759509","https://openalex.org/W2160126058","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2179053746","https://openalex.org/W2220491565","https://openalex.org/W2248913760","https://openalex.org/W2273704436","https://openalex.org/W2287814884","https://openalex.org/W2314656959","https://openalex.org/W2410488581","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2607839780","https://openalex.org/W2620294022","https://openalex.org/W2737500319","https://openalex.org/W2744972750","https://openalex.org/W2777436401","https://openalex.org/W2805754451","https://openalex.org/W2806379360","https://openalex.org/W2807403593","https://openalex.org/W2878567920","https://openalex.org/W2896467108","https://openalex.org/W2901040657","https://openalex.org/W2902539136","https://openalex.org/W2912749341","https://openalex.org/W2912990735","https://openalex.org/W2963915677","https://openalex.org/W2964449965","https://openalex.org/W2971058209","https://openalex.org/W2979934703","https://openalex.org/W2989282534","https://openalex.org/W2996912842","https://openalex.org/W3010093963","https://openalex.org/W3011413726","https://openalex.org/W3033656692","https://openalex.org/W3034192160","https://openalex.org/W3035169015","https://openalex.org/W3049653828","https://openalex.org/W3091187254","https://openalex.org/W3107051592","https://openalex.org/W3115462576","https://openalex.org/W3134794073","https://openalex.org/W3152675032","https://openalex.org/W3159251261","https://openalex.org/W3166703016","https://openalex.org/W3201119684","https://openalex.org/W3207211939","https://openalex.org/W3210277061","https://openalex.org/W4200310513","https://openalex.org/W4200486607","https://openalex.org/W4245134515","https://openalex.org/W6638046521","https://openalex.org/W6677999953","https://openalex.org/W6694559712","https://openalex.org/W6696126189","https://openalex.org/W6726946684","https://openalex.org/W6747404474","https://openalex.org/W6752018158","https://openalex.org/W6754852215","https://openalex.org/W6774531818","https://openalex.org/W6794762069","https://openalex.org/W6795521230","https://openalex.org/W6804780839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3212688212","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,31,101,118],"face":[1,32,102,119],"reconstruction":[2,33,103,120],"algorithms":[3,104],"from":[4,13,105,121],"images":[5,110],"and":[6,74,108,111],"videos":[7,107],"are":[8],"applied":[9],"to":[10,16,21,48,85],"many":[11],"fields,":[12],"plastic":[14],"surgery":[15],"the":[17,58,61,69,87,90,93,98,113],"entertainment":[18],"sector,":[19],"thanks":[20],"their":[22],"advantageous":[23],"features.":[24],"However,":[25],"when":[26],"looking":[27],"at":[28],"forensic":[29,72,126],"applications,":[30],"must":[34],"observe":[35],"strict":[36],"requirements":[37],"that":[38,116],"still":[39],"make":[40,86],"unclear":[41],"its":[42],"possible":[43],"role":[44,124],"in":[45,125],"bringing":[46],"evidence":[47],"a":[49],"lawsuit.":[50],"Shedding":[51],"some":[52],"light":[53],"on":[54,89],"this":[55,83],"matter":[56],"is":[57],"goal":[59],"of":[60,92,100],"present":[62],"survey,":[63],"where":[64],"we":[65,96],"start":[66],"by":[67],"clarifying":[68],"relation":[70,84],"between":[71],"applications":[73],"biometrics.":[75],"To":[76],"our":[77],"knowledge,":[78],"no":[79],"previous":[80],"work":[81],"adopted":[82],"point":[88],"state":[91],"art.":[94],"Therefore,":[95],"analyzed":[97],"achievements":[99],"surveillance":[106],"mugshot":[109],"discussed":[112],"current":[114],"obstacles":[115],"separate":[117],"an":[122],"active":[123],"applications.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-22T08:09:32.410652","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}