{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158472717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413245","title":"A Low-Complexity R-peak Detection Algorithm with Adaptive Thresholding for Wearable Devices","display_name":"A Low-Complexity R-peak Detection Algorithm with Adaptive Thresholding for Wearable Devices","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158472717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413245","mag":"3158472717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413245","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101960029","display_name":"Tiago Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-1251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154254","display_name":"Instituto Superior de Tecnologias Avan\u00e7adas","ror":"https://ror.org/04hzbg791","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiago Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["IST - Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IST - Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154254","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020278971","display_name":"Sirisack Samoutphonh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sirisack Samoutphonh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Sport Instruments S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Sport Instruments S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084063480","display_name":"Hugo Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-8432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT - Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT - Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029045681","display_name":"Ana Fred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-5024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Fred","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT - Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT - Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qrs-complex","display_name":"QRS complex","score":0.8209540247917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6691955327987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6263850927352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.6167239546775818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5450442433357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5138466954231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4684838056564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.4662904143333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.45318669080734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43900761008262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4315692186355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.4254623353481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37089961767196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32332462072372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.1887187361717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.15736863017082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15625935792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.09262785315513611}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111773187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969239","display_name":"QRS complex","level":2,"score":0.8209540247917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6691955327987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6263850927352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.6167239546775818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5450442433357239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5138466954231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4684838056564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.4662904143333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.45318669080734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43900761008262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4315692186355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.4254623353481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37089961767196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32332462072372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.1887187361717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.15736863017082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15625935792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.09262785315513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413245","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5518430160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/50008/2020 NICE-HOME","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337197","funder_display_name":"Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Supply Chain"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337197","display_name":"Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Supply Chain","ror":"https://ror.org/05tj7dm33"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596238075","https://openalex.org/W1605480097","https://openalex.org/W1969079387","https://openalex.org/W1969943621","https://openalex.org/W1972200139","https://openalex.org/W2004691622","https://openalex.org/W2015085649","https://openalex.org/W2034734862","https://openalex.org/W2050020779","https://openalex.org/W2080547538","https://openalex.org/W2098816250","https://openalex.org/W2104563593","https://openalex.org/W2127913883","https://openalex.org/W2137418727","https://openalex.org/W2145044818","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2169733352","https://openalex.org/W2169785732","https://openalex.org/W2615517069","https://openalex.org/W2783767524","https://openalex.org/W2800952622","https://openalex.org/W2806501763","https://openalex.org/W2890506722","https://openalex.org/W2936297554","https://openalex.org/W2964487544","https://openalex.org/W3127637041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953058328","https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W2116854923","https://openalex.org/W2236974868","https://openalex.org/W4312766348","https://openalex.org/W2730764323","https://openalex.org/W2026015445","https://openalex.org/W2734326052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"reliable":[1],"detection":[2,39,49,80,95,113,192],"of":[3,81,195,201,203,208],"the":[4,57,61,68,77,79,82,171,174,209],"R-peaks":[5],"in":[6,53,132,190,226,235],"an":[7,102],"electrocardiogram":[8],"(ECG)":[9],"is":[10,41,51,64,84,97],"a":[11,33,88,133,141],"fundamental":[12],"step":[13],"for":[14,43,111,170,231],"further":[15],"heart":[16,116],"rate":[17,117],"variability":[18],"(HRV)":[19],"analysis,":[20],"biometric":[21],"recognition":[22],"techniques":[23],"and":[24,36,72,100,119,162,173,186,197,239],"additional":[25,124],"ECG":[26,46,137,166],"waveform":[27],"based":[28,86],"analysis.":[29],"In":[30,56,76],"this":[31,221],"paper,":[32],"novel":[34],"real-time":[35],"low-complexity":[37],"R-peak":[38,83,112,172,191,240],"algorithm":[40,50,129],"presented":[42,187],"single":[44,135],"lead":[45,136],"signals.":[47],"The":[48,94,127,145,164,182],"divided":[52],"two":[54],"stages.":[55],"first":[58],"pre-processing":[59],"stage,":[60],"QRS":[62,180,213],"complex":[63],"enhanced":[65],"by":[66],"taking":[67],"double":[69],"derivative,":[70],"squaring":[71],"moving":[73],"window":[74],"integration.":[75],"second,":[78],"achieved":[85],"on":[87],"finite":[89],"state":[90,207],"machine":[91],"(FSM)":[92],"approach.":[93],"threshold":[96],"dynamically":[98],"adapted":[99],"follows":[101],"exponential":[103],"decay":[104],"after":[105],"each":[106],"detection,":[107],"making":[108],"it":[109],"suitable":[110],"under":[114],"fast":[115],"(HR)":[118],"R-wave":[120],"amplitude":[121],"changes":[122],"without":[123],"search":[125],"back.":[126],"proposed":[128,175],"was":[130],"evaluated":[131],"private":[134],"database":[138,146],"acquired":[139],"using":[140],"FieldWiz":[142],"wearable":[143,228],"device.":[144],"comprises":[147],"five":[148],"recordings":[149],"from":[150],"four":[151],"different":[152],"subjects,":[153],"recorded":[154],"during":[155],"dynamic":[156,236],"conditions,":[157],"namely:":[158],"running,":[159],"trail":[160],"running":[161],"weightlifting.":[163],"raw":[165],"signals":[167],"were":[168],"annotated":[169],"method":[176,222],"benchmarked":[177],"against":[178],"common":[179],"detectors.":[181,214],"combined":[183],"acquisition":[184],"setup":[185],"approach":[188],"resulted":[189],"Sensitivity":[193],"(Se)":[194],"99.77%":[196],"Positive":[198],"Predictive":[199],"Value":[200],"(PPV)":[202],"99.18%,":[204],"comparable":[205],"to":[206,216],"art":[210],"real":[211],"time":[212],"Due":[215],"its":[217],"low":[218],"computational":[219],"complexity,":[220],"can":[223],"be":[224],"implemented":[225],"embedded":[227],"systems,":[229],"suited":[230],"cardiovascular":[232],"tracking":[233],"devices":[234],"use":[237],"cases":[238],"detection.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}