{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161242617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413007","title":"Multi-view Object Detection Using Epipolar Constraints within Cluttered X-ray Security Imagery","display_name":"Multi-view Object Detection Using Epipolar Constraints within Cluttered X-ray Security Imagery","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161242617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413007","mag":"3161242617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413007","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1141503","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080585750","display_name":"Brian K. S. Isaac-Medina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian K. S. Isaac-Medina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University, Durham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023499426","display_name":"Chris G. Willcocks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-3924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris G. Willcocks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University, Durham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045115593","display_name":"Toby P. Breckon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1666-7590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toby P. Breckon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University, Durham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080585750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79354753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9889","last_page":"9896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epipolar-geometry","display_name":"Epipolar geometry","score":0.8756879568099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7570368051528931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7455957531929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6968626379966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.69349604845047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5831980109214783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5059165358543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5029234290122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.49463722109794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.48536360263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.31973984837532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2796488404273987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23379248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200904","display_name":"Epipolar geometry","level":3,"score":0.8756879568099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7570368051528931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7455957531929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6968626379966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.69349604845047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5831980109214783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5059165358543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5029234290122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.49463722109794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.48536360263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31973984837532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2796488404273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413007","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:31985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/31985/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196258","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2020), Milan, Italy, 10-15 January 2021 [Conference proceedings]","raw_type":"Conference item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1141503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1141503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1141503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1141503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195399432","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1969304603","https://openalex.org/W2021151859","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2040292433","https://openalex.org/W2051585909","https://openalex.org/W2102481828","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2165672579","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2209124607","https://openalex.org/W2309862831","https://openalex.org/W2510597476","https://openalex.org/W2617544651","https://openalex.org/W2790624640","https://openalex.org/W2792998389","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2903651712","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963103939","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2971170030","https://openalex.org/W2996091868","https://openalex.org/W2997849134","https://openalex.org/W3020772651","https://openalex.org/W3021054033","https://openalex.org/W3034971010","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3197695291","https://openalex.org/W4287994947","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4310336996","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6675026286","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6757143690","https://openalex.org/W7047303090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251504644","https://openalex.org/W132764016","https://openalex.org/W2148054235","https://openalex.org/W2132043085","https://openalex.org/W2123437433","https://openalex.org/W2369285629","https://openalex.org/W2105565426","https://openalex.org/W3094179683","https://openalex.org/W2144496413","https://openalex.org/W2336873990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"detection":[1,63,147,174],"for":[2,127],"threat":[3,177],"object":[4,33,62,92,137],"items":[5,178],"is":[6,94,122],"an":[7],"increasing":[8],"emerging":[9],"area":[10],"of":[11,31,50,57,113,146,154,166,176,179],"future":[12],"application":[13,49],"in":[14],"X-ray":[15,20,181],"security":[16,21,182],"imagery.":[17],"Although":[18],"modern":[19],"scanners":[22],"can":[23],"provide":[24],"two":[25],"or":[26],"more":[27],"views,":[28,73],"the":[29,36,48,54,80,111,114,117,143,164,173],"integration":[30,165],"such":[32,74],"detectors":[34],"across":[35],"views":[37,170],"has":[38],"not":[39],"been":[40],"widely":[41],"explored":[42],"with":[43,108],"rigour.":[44],"Therefore,":[45],"we":[46,66],"investigate":[47],"geometric":[51],"constraints":[52],"using":[53,83,131],"epipolar":[55,118],"nature":[56],"multi-view":[58],"imagery":[59],"to":[60,78,110,116],"improve":[61],"performance.":[64],"Furthermore,":[65],"assume":[67],"that":[68,75,163],"images":[69,167],"come":[70],"from":[71,89],"uncalibrated":[72],"a":[76,101,135,151],"method":[77],"estimate":[79],"fundamental":[81],"matrix":[82],"ground":[84],"truth":[85],"bounding":[86],"box":[87],"centroids":[88],"multiple":[90],"view":[91],"labels":[93],"proposed.":[95],"In":[96],"addition,":[97],"detections":[98],"are":[99],"given":[100],"confidence":[102,125],"probability":[103,121],"based":[104],"on":[105,150],"its":[106],"similarity":[107],"respect":[109],"distribution":[112],"distance":[115],"line.":[119],"This":[120],"used":[123],"as":[124],"weights":[126],"merging":[128],"duplicated":[129],"predictions":[130],"non-maximum":[132],"suppression.":[133],"Using":[134],"standard":[136],"detector":[138],"(YOLOv3),":[139],"our":[140],"technique":[141],"increases":[142],"average":[144],"precision":[145],"by":[148],"2.8%":[149],"dataset":[152],"composed":[153],"firearms,":[155],"laptops,":[156],"knives":[157],"and":[158],"cameras.":[159],"These":[160],"results":[161],"indicate":[162],"at":[168],"different":[169],"significantly":[171],"improves":[172],"performance":[175],"cluttered":[180],"images.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
