{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158919571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412969","title":"Detecting Marine Species in Echograms via Traditional, Hybrid, and Deep Learning Frameworks","display_name":"Detecting Marine Species in Echograms via Traditional, Hybrid, and Deep Learning Frameworks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158919571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412969","mag":"3158919571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412969","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048824702","display_name":"Tunai Porto Marques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0850-9912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tunai Porto Marques","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001492126","display_name":"Alireza Rezvanifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-2116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Rezvanifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033597391","display_name":"Melissa Cote","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-977X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa Cote","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036029722","display_name":"Alexandra Branzan Albu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8991-0999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Branzan Albu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042992597","display_name":"Kaan Ersahin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3126-9383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155046","display_name":"ASL Environmental Sciences (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p03en70","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155046"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaan Ersahin","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASL Environmental Sciences, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASL Environmental Sciences, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084601362","display_name":"Todd Mudge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155046","display_name":"ASL Environmental Sciences (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p03en70","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155046"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Mudge","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASL Environmental Sciences, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASL Environmental Sciences, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034303197","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Gauthier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3514-765X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319689352","display_name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02qa1x782","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319689352","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephane Gauthier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319689352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85421394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5928","last_page":"5935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10230","display_name":"Marine and fisheries research","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7377023100852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5762113332748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5210137367248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5175454020500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4583567678928375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.4468207061290741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33826348185539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3209686577320099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07214921712875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7377023100852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5762113332748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5210137367248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5175454020500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4583567678928375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4468207061290741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33826348185539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3209686577320099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07214921712875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412969","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1981476707","https://openalex.org/W1986043091","https://openalex.org/W2003099669","https://openalex.org/W2008207905","https://openalex.org/W2009797711","https://openalex.org/W2044356494","https://openalex.org/W2088299541","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2122828911","https://openalex.org/W2147196499","https://openalex.org/W2167850040","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2325566633","https://openalex.org/W2327562896","https://openalex.org/W2343048200","https://openalex.org/W2541012540","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2777374116","https://openalex.org/W2890524955","https://openalex.org/W2902132305","https://openalex.org/W2918700647","https://openalex.org/W2921271497","https://openalex.org/W2940790545","https://openalex.org/W2947232017","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2980407545","https://openalex.org/W3001618251","https://openalex.org/W3016465642","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6762586008","https://openalex.org/W6776070764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313320911","https://openalex.org/W4327743144","https://openalex.org/W4245077728","https://openalex.org/W2607424049","https://openalex.org/W4390922876","https://openalex.org/W3183204001","https://openalex.org/W4206302830","https://openalex.org/W2185941092","https://openalex.org/W4386782890","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,122],"comprehensive":[4],"comparative":[5],"study":[6,71],"of":[7,59,77,84,125],"traditional,":[8],"hybrid,":[9],"and":[10,32,56,73],"deep":[11],"learning":[12,86,114],"(DL)":[13],"methods":[14],"for":[15,116],"detecting":[16],"marine":[17,36],"species":[18],"in":[19],"echograms.":[20],"Acoustic":[21],"backscatter":[22],"data":[23],"obtained":[24],"from":[25],"multi-frequency":[26],"echosounders":[27],"is":[28,109,129],"visualized":[29],"as":[30],"echograms":[31],"typically":[33],"interpreted":[34],"by":[35],"biologists":[37],"via":[38],"manual":[39],"or":[40],"semi-automatic":[41],"methods,":[42],"which":[43],"are":[44,52],"time-consuming.":[45],"Challenges":[46],"related":[47],"to":[48,105,112],"automatic":[49],"echogram":[50,117],"interpretation":[51],"the":[53,60,81],"variable":[54],"size":[55],"acoustic":[57],"properties":[58],"biological":[61],"targets":[62],"(marine":[63],"life),":[64],"along":[65],"with":[66],"significant":[67],"inter-class":[68],"similarities.":[69],"Our":[70],"explores":[72],"compares":[74],"three":[75],"types":[76],"approaches":[78,115],"that":[79,95,100],"cover":[80],"entire":[82],"range":[83],"machine":[85],"methods.":[87],"Based":[88],"on":[89],"our":[90],"experimental":[91],"results,":[92],"we":[93],"conclude":[94],"an":[96],"end-to-end":[97],"DL-based":[98],"framework,":[99],"can":[101],"be":[102],"readily":[103],"scaled":[104],"accommodate":[106],"new":[107],"species,":[108],"overall":[110],"preferable":[111],"other":[113],"interpretation,":[118],"even":[119],"when":[120],"only":[121],"limited":[123],"number":[124],"annotated":[126],"training":[127],"samples":[128],"available.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
