{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091958244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412614","title":"Rethinking Experience Replay: a Bag of Tricks for Continual Learning","display_name":"Rethinking Experience Replay: a Bag of Tricks for Continual Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091958244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412614","mag":"3091958244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412614","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1211822","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008340517","display_name":"Pietro Buzzega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-6373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Buzzega","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074378750","display_name":"Matteo Boschini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-813X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Boschini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049269493","display_name":"Angelo Porrello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9022-8484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Porrello","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075481810","display_name":"Simone Calderara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-1538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Calderara","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008340517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98420078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2180","last_page":"2187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.8417278528213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8328579664230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5475547909736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5096170902252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4854007661342621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.47767409682273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4330528676509857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.8417278528213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8328579664230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5475547909736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5096170902252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4854007661342621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.47767409682273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4330528676509857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412614","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1211822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1211822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1211822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1211822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1682403713","https://openalex.org/W2036963181","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113839990","https://openalex.org/W2116522068","https://openalex.org/W2119885577","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2426267443","https://openalex.org/W2473930607","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2583761661","https://openalex.org/W2734314755","https://openalex.org/W2737492962","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2786446225","https://openalex.org/W2793290155","https://openalex.org/W2804175194","https://openalex.org/W2804746922","https://openalex.org/W2898503115","https://openalex.org/W2899063268","https://openalex.org/W2902625698","https://openalex.org/W2947461406","https://openalex.org/W2948734064","https://openalex.org/W2954929116","https://openalex.org/W2962724315","https://openalex.org/W2962884963","https://openalex.org/W2963072899","https://openalex.org/W2963108767","https://openalex.org/W2963390791","https://openalex.org/W2963559848","https://openalex.org/W2963813679","https://openalex.org/W2963850662","https://openalex.org/W2963876099","https://openalex.org/W2964189064","https://openalex.org/W2970066656","https://openalex.org/W2971176100","https://openalex.org/W2980844465","https://openalex.org/W2992553597","https://openalex.org/W2995896027","https://openalex.org/W3000677656","https://openalex.org/W3021931813","https://openalex.org/W3098511564","https://openalex.org/W3106522756","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4287814827","https://openalex.org/W4289366620","https://openalex.org/W4295883599","https://openalex.org/W4298116016","https://openalex.org/W4301163820","https://openalex.org/W4319988532","https://openalex.org/W6720711607","https://openalex.org/W6727849826","https://openalex.org/W6738602802","https://openalex.org/W6741217325","https://openalex.org/W6747837551","https://openalex.org/W6751591294","https://openalex.org/W6755520961","https://openalex.org/W6755950020","https://openalex.org/W6757384668","https://openalex.org/W6764645560","https://openalex.org/W6768044712","https://openalex.org/W6776188292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289718052","https://openalex.org/W2164121020","https://openalex.org/W2145559838","https://openalex.org/W2905319430","https://openalex.org/W3116498279","https://openalex.org/W4287549553","https://openalex.org/W4310285384","https://openalex.org/W3183027292","https://openalex.org/W4248896073","https://openalex.org/W2974871044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,79],"Continual":[1],"Learning,":[2],"a":[3,9,52,139],"Neural":[4],"Network":[5],"is":[6,22,41],"trained":[7],"on":[8,27,37,60,127],"stream":[10,33],"of":[11,47,121],"data":[12],"whose":[13],"distribution":[14],"shifts":[15],"over":[16],"time.":[17],"Under":[18],"these":[19],"assumptions,":[20],"it":[21,141],"especially":[23],"challenging":[24],"to":[25,43,69,75,90,108],"improve":[26],"classes":[28],"appearing":[29],"later":[30],"in":[31],"the":[32,44,57,128],"while":[34],"remaining":[35],"accurate":[36],"previous":[38],"ones.":[39],"This":[40],"due":[42],"infamous":[45],"problem":[46],"catastrophic":[48],"forgetting,":[49],"which":[50],"causes":[51],"quick":[53],"performance":[54],"degradation":[55],"when":[56],"classifier":[58],"focuses":[59],"learning":[61],"new":[62],"categories.":[63],"Recent":[64],"literature":[65],"proposed":[66],"various":[67],"approaches":[68],"tackle":[70],"this":[71,80],"issue,":[72],"often":[73],"resorting":[74],"very":[76],"sophisticated":[77],"techniques.":[78],"work,":[81],"we":[82],"show":[83,112],"that":[84,99,113],"naive":[85],"rehearsal":[86],"can":[87],"be":[88],"patched":[89],"achieve":[91],"similar":[92],"performance.":[93],"We":[94],"point":[95],"out":[96],"some":[97],"shortcomings":[98],"restrain":[100],"Experience":[101],"Replay":[102],"(ER)":[103],"and":[104,123,130],"propose":[105],"five":[106],"tricks":[107],"mitigate":[109],"them.":[110],"Experiments":[111],"ER,":[114],"thus":[115],"enhanced,":[116],"displays":[117],"an":[118],"accuracy":[119],"gain":[120],"51.2":[122],"26.9":[124],"percentage":[125],"points":[126],"CIFAR-10":[129],"CIFAR-100":[131],"datasets":[132],"respectively":[133],"(memory":[134],"buffer":[135],"size":[136],"1000).":[137],"As":[138],"result,":[140],"surpasses":[142],"current":[143],"state-of-the-art":[144],"rehearsal-based":[145],"methods.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}