{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903220324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545849","title":"Multimodal Face Spoofing Detection via RGB-D Images","display_name":"Multimodal Face Spoofing Detection via RGB-D Images","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903220324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545849","mag":"2903220324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2018.8545849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545849","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038163730","display_name":"Xudong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-6343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instirute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instirute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100784430","display_name":"Lei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4087-3677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instirute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instirute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103160858","display_name":"Changping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4205-4268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instirute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instirute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5412,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63986149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2221","last_page":"2226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.8406371474266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.8386057019233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8120936155319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.770437479019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.7014221549034119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.681884229183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5188149809837341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.43610507249832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3253287672996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10772967338562012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.8406371474266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.8386057019233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8120936155319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.770437479019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.7014221549034119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.681884229183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5188149809837341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.43610507249832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3253287672996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10772967338562012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2018.8545849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545849","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132579780","https://openalex.org/W1501165582","https://openalex.org/W1704933117","https://openalex.org/W1970462628","https://openalex.org/W1971062533","https://openalex.org/W2004935805","https://openalex.org/W2058983224","https://openalex.org/W2087688145","https://openalex.org/W2098770944","https://openalex.org/W2100235303","https://openalex.org/W2125320497","https://openalex.org/W2131338307","https://openalex.org/W2136975665","https://openalex.org/W2137282724","https://openalex.org/W2142256325","https://openalex.org/W2145426126","https://openalex.org/W2152472358","https://openalex.org/W2157662943","https://openalex.org/W2242826997","https://openalex.org/W2510926985","https://openalex.org/W2516707548","https://openalex.org/W2730107702","https://openalex.org/W2754376709","https://openalex.org/W2776778982","https://openalex.org/W3101824741","https://openalex.org/W6675086664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2989910292","https://openalex.org/W2998478967","https://openalex.org/W3128793638","https://openalex.org/W2607818178","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W3012240659","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"it":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"shown":[4],"that":[5,164,177],"using":[6,40],"3D":[7,42],"information":[8,87],"might":[9],"significantly":[10],"benefit":[11],"face":[12,78,192],"anti-spoofing":[13,79,146,153],"systems,":[14],"traditional":[15],"color":[16,112],"images":[17,49,90,115],"are":[18,96,134,148],"still":[19],"generally":[20],"used,":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,60,116,136,150],"several":[24],"issues":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27],"expensive":[28],"hardware":[29],"requirement,":[30],"high":[31],"time":[32,69],"cost,":[33],"or":[34,70],"poor":[35],"accessibility":[36],"when":[37],"obtaining":[38],"and":[39,91,113,159,172,176,191],"true":[41],"images.":[43],"Thus,":[44],"we":[45,107,133],"could":[46,180],"use":[47,84],"RGB-D":[48,89,102],"captured":[50],"by":[51,121,187],"relatively":[52],"low":[53],"cost":[54],"sensors":[55],"instead,":[56],"e.g.,":[57],"Kinect":[58],"cameras,":[59],"achieve":[61],"better":[62],"performance":[63],"without":[64],"consuming":[65],"huge":[66],"amount":[67],"of":[68,85,101,105,125],"money.":[71],"This":[72],"research":[73],"presents":[74],"a":[75],"novel":[76],"multimodal":[77,118],"method,":[80],"which":[81],"makes":[82],"full":[83],"available":[86],"on":[88,156],"no":[92],"manually":[93],"chosen":[94],"regions":[95,127],"needed.":[97],"For":[98],"every":[99],"pair":[100],"images,":[103],"first":[104],"all,":[106],"calculate":[108],"the":[109,123,130],"correlation":[110],"between":[111],"depth":[114,131],"detect":[117],"properties;":[119],"then,":[120],"analyzing":[122],"consistency":[124],"sub":[126],"extracted":[128],"from":[129,141],"image,":[132],"able":[135],"distinguish":[137],"flat":[138],"spoofing":[139],"faces":[140],"genuine":[142],"human":[143],"beings.":[144],"Both":[145],"features":[147],"fused":[149],"make":[151],"final":[152],"decisions.":[154],"Experiments":[155],"both":[157],"self-collected":[158],"pubic":[160],"3DMAD":[161],"datasets":[162],"show":[163],"our":[165,178],"proposed":[166],"approach":[167],"is":[168],"effective":[169],"for":[170],"intra-dataset":[171],"cross-dataset":[173],"testing":[174],"scenarios,":[175],"method":[179],"deal":[181],"with":[182],"different":[183],"presentation":[184],"attacks":[185],"carried":[186],"photos,":[188],"tablet":[189],"screens,":[190],"masks.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
