{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2786627679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545362","title":"Learning Combinations of Activation Functions","display_name":"Learning Combinations of Activation Functions","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2786627679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545362","mag":"2786627679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2018.8545362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.09403","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015018705","display_name":"Franco Manessi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-7235"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franco Manessi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategic Analytics lastminute.com group Chiasso, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Analytics lastminute.com group Chiasso, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011098514","display_name":"Alessandro Rozza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-1351"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Rozza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategic Analytics lastminute.com group Chiasso, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Analytics lastminute.com group Chiasso, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015018705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9303,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95420408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"61","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.9653602838516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8351228833198547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-function","display_name":"Activation function","score":0.6574641466140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5715855956077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5040432810783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5008327960968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.43430525064468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.4332340955734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39875301718711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3568405508995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08893078565597534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.9653602838516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8351228833198547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.6574641466140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5715855956077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5040432810783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5008327960968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43430525064468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4332340955734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39875301718711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3568405508995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08893078565597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2018.8545362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1801.09403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.09403","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.09403","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1801.09403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.09403","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.09403","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496157902","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1683511521","https://openalex.org/W1705588077","https://openalex.org/W1799366690","https://openalex.org/W1937779730","https://openalex.org/W1977212008","https://openalex.org/W1982871396","https://openalex.org/W1983561268","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2117951582","https://openalex.org/W2132602793","https://openalex.org/W2152417180","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2168148636","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2220622620","https://openalex.org/W2294059674","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2533523411","https://openalex.org/W2546302380","https://openalex.org/W2614221804","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2963285578","https://openalex.org/W2963454111","https://openalex.org/W2963920515","https://openalex.org/W2964243309","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3125923133","https://openalex.org/W4242989628","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6637359451","https://openalex.org/W6646509783","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684813833","https://openalex.org/W6685562342","https://openalex.org/W6696761078","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6739879593","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3116943156","https://openalex.org/W4322631263","https://openalex.org/W3012219884","https://openalex.org/W4366999905","https://openalex.org/W2936783136","https://openalex.org/W3173926637","https://openalex.org/W3034021666","https://openalex.org/W2898900925","https://openalex.org/W2512630954","https://openalex.org/W4306639562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,64],"the":[1,40,82,89,122,130],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"an":[4,127],"active":[5],"area":[6],"of":[7,33,39,42,76,97,137],"research":[8],"has":[9],"been":[10],"devoted":[11],"to":[12,20,25,60,71],"design":[13],"novel":[14,99],"activation":[15,78],"functions":[16,79],"that":[17],"are":[18,48,55],"able":[19],"help":[21],"deep":[22],"neural":[23],"networks":[24],"converge,":[26],"obtaining":[27],"better":[28],"performance.":[29],"The":[30],"training":[31,90],"procedure":[32],"these":[34],"architectures":[35,103],"usually":[36,56],"involves":[37],"optimization":[38],"weights":[41],"their":[43,52],"layers":[44],"only,":[45],"while":[46],"non-linearities":[47],"generally":[49],"pre-specified":[50],"and":[51,86,108,116],"(possible)":[53],"parameters":[54],"considered":[57],"as":[58,81,105,126],"hyper-parameters":[59],"be":[61],"tuned":[62],"manually.":[63],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"introduce":[68],"two":[69],"approaches":[70,100],"automatically":[72],"learn":[73],"different":[74],"combinations":[75],"base":[77],"(such":[80,104],"identity":[83],"function,":[84],"ReLU,":[85],"tanh)":[87],"during":[88],"phase.":[91],"We":[92],"present":[93],"a":[94],"thorough":[95],"comparison":[96],"our":[98],"with":[101],"well-known":[102],"LeNet-5,":[106],"AlexNet,":[107],"ResNet-56)":[109],"on":[110,135],"three":[111],"standard":[112],"datasets":[113],"(Fashion-MNIST,":[114],"CIFAR-10,":[115],"ILSVRC-2012),":[117],"showing":[118],"substantial":[119],"improvements":[120],"in":[121,129],"overall":[123],"performance,":[124],"such":[125],"increase":[128],"top-l":[131],"accuracy":[132],"for":[133],"AlexNet":[134],"ILSVRC-2012":[136],"3.01":[138],"percentage":[139],"points.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
