{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903250891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545279","title":"Kernel Dual Linear Regression for Face Image Set Classification","display_name":"Kernel Dual Linear Regression for Face Image Set Classification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903250891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545279","mag":"2903250891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2018.8545279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001005426","display_name":"Xizhan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-6786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xizhan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034434932","display_name":"Quansen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-1986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quansen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028753453","display_name":"Haitao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-1338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Liaocheng University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Liaocheng University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109598917","display_name":"Yanmeng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001005426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47317091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1542","last_page":"1547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.7143605351448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.624832034111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5996540784835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5698325634002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5276980400085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducing-kernel-hilbert-space","display_name":"Reproducing kernel Hilbert space","score":0.5180978178977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.5012218952178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49982666969299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4941752254962921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4665830731391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.46171069145202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.45923173427581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4316728711128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.423621267080307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.4136890172958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert-space","display_name":"Hilbert space","score":0.3235418498516083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7143605351448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.624832034111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5996540784835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5698325634002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5276980400085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80884492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3345678","display_name":"Reproducing kernel Hilbert space","level":3,"score":0.5180978178977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5012218952178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49982666969299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4941752254962921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4665830731391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.46171069145202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.45923173427581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4316728711128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.423621267080307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.4136890172958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62799726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190056","display_name":"Hilbert space","level":2,"score":0.3235418498516083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2018.8545279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2018.8545279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566612420","https://openalex.org/W1851814560","https://openalex.org/W1922045146","https://openalex.org/W1929887928","https://openalex.org/W1964470356","https://openalex.org/W1985687851","https://openalex.org/W1996939238","https://openalex.org/W2066986622","https://openalex.org/W2068935349","https://openalex.org/W2084269393","https://openalex.org/W2084944189","https://openalex.org/W2091632079","https://openalex.org/W2097486709","https://openalex.org/W2120453412","https://openalex.org/W2122691893","https://openalex.org/W2126017757","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2134849720","https://openalex.org/W2137894166","https://openalex.org/W2144093206","https://openalex.org/W2150600350","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2160933580","https://openalex.org/W2162813111","https://openalex.org/W2191588813","https://openalex.org/W2432877789","https://openalex.org/W2523952753","https://openalex.org/W2531184527","https://openalex.org/W2574111200","https://openalex.org/W2953119964","https://openalex.org/W4239944110","https://openalex.org/W6615889216","https://openalex.org/W6680266532","https://openalex.org/W6683581212","https://openalex.org/W6683756719","https://openalex.org/W6684006261","https://openalex.org/W6728181823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095593773","https://openalex.org/W2115998131","https://openalex.org/W2037495825","https://openalex.org/W2097028249","https://openalex.org/W1525322161","https://openalex.org/W2158342116","https://openalex.org/W2057355998","https://openalex.org/W2348964713","https://openalex.org/W2143506329","https://openalex.org/W2384238806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DLRC":[0,21,58,89,136],"is":[1,81,84,131],"an":[2,56],"extension":[3],"of":[4,36,49,52,88,95,129,135],"LRC":[5,8],"that":[6,126,134],"extends":[7],"from":[9],"conventional":[10],"still":[11],"image":[12,17,28,34,66],"based":[13,19],"method":[14],"to":[15,117],"the":[16,33,45,65,93,100,110,113,127],"set":[18,29],"method.":[20],"has":[22],"a":[23,71,85,104],"demonstrated":[24],"better":[25,132],"performance":[26,128],"on":[27,121],"classification.":[30],"However,":[31],"when":[32,44],"sets":[35],"different":[37,53],"objects":[38],"are":[39],"not":[40],"linear":[41,46,77],"separable,":[42],"or":[43],"regression":[47,78],"axes":[48],"class-specific":[50],"samples":[51],"classes":[54],"have":[55],"intersection,":[57],"may":[59],"be":[60],"failed":[61],"for":[62],"well":[63],"classifying":[64],"sets.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"new":[72],"classification":[73,79],"method,":[74],"kernel":[75,111],"dual":[76],"(KDLRC),":[80],"proposed.":[82],"KDLRC":[83,97,130],"nonlinear":[86],"version":[87],"and":[90,137],"can":[91],"overcome":[92],"drawback":[94],"DLRC.":[96],"first":[98],"embeds":[99],"input":[101],"data":[102,114],"into":[103],"high-dimensional":[105],"Hilbert":[106],"space,":[107,112],"then":[108],"in":[109],"become":[115],"easier":[116],"classify.":[118],"Extensive":[119],"experiments":[120],"four":[122],"well-known":[123],"databases":[124],"prove":[125],"than":[133],"several":[138],"state-of-the-art":[139],"classifiers.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
