{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2609133580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2016.7900284","title":"An approach for automated multimodal analysis of infants' pain","display_name":"An approach for automated multimodal analysis of infants' pain","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2609133580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2016.7900284","mag":"2609133580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2016.7900284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2016.7900284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026457059","display_name":"Ghada Zamzmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4723-5539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghada Zamzmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003574099","display_name":"Chih-Yun Pai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8559-6848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Yun Pai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053211631","display_name":"Dmitry B. Goldgof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-863X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Goldgof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063184621","display_name":"Rangachar Kasturi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-1967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rangachar Kasturi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029198607","display_name":"Terri Ashmeade","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terri Ashmeade","raw_affiliation_strings":["College Of Medicine Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College Of Medicine Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772261","display_name":"Yu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-291X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026457059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.3871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98745507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4148","last_page":"4153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13289","display_name":"Infant Health and Development","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11060","display_name":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-assessment","display_name":"Pain assessment","score":0.7542604804039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.7208524942398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vital-signs","display_name":"Vital signs","score":0.55621737241745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.5050354599952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-therapy","display_name":"Multimodal therapy","score":0.43354159593582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.427584171295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-management","display_name":"Pain management","score":0.3709777295589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.36313992738723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34379687905311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.3378680348396301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.09028583765029907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778282284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7124832","display_name":"Pain assessment","level":3,"score":0.7542604804039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.7208524942398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776890885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067560","display_name":"Vital signs","level":2,"score":0.55621737241745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5050354599952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4441509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6418787","display_name":"Multimodal therapy","level":2,"score":0.43354159593582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.427584171295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983098980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain management","level":2,"score":0.3709777295589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36313992738723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34379687905311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3378680348396301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.09028583765029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2016.7900284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2016.7900284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarcommons.usf.edu:esb_facpub-1078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/esb_facpub/83","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:esb_facpub-1078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/esb_facpub/83","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications","raw_type":"conference"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78180754","https://openalex.org/W122176658","https://openalex.org/W1554258465","https://openalex.org/W1674237136","https://openalex.org/W1896424170","https://openalex.org/W1965049653","https://openalex.org/W1965790432","https://openalex.org/W1978011637","https://openalex.org/W1992624389","https://openalex.org/W1993657469","https://openalex.org/W2017221863","https://openalex.org/W2025290119","https://openalex.org/W2048244171","https://openalex.org/W2048973207","https://openalex.org/W2052596819","https://openalex.org/W2054816540","https://openalex.org/W2066642295","https://openalex.org/W2066961658","https://openalex.org/W2073105323","https://openalex.org/W2074644968","https://openalex.org/W2102155358","https://openalex.org/W2114023175","https://openalex.org/W2116059845","https://openalex.org/W2116510698","https://openalex.org/W2122555597","https://openalex.org/W2140659287","https://openalex.org/W2143232047","https://openalex.org/W2156567596","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W6639495226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798042074","https://openalex.org/W1757203700","https://openalex.org/W4399510981","https://openalex.org/W2977418185","https://openalex.org/W2002728494","https://openalex.org/W2417908656","https://openalex.org/W3010723917","https://openalex.org/W2164007560","https://openalex.org/W2027645612","https://openalex.org/W2301256891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"practices":[1,41],"of":[2,62,75,83,103,191],"assessing":[3],"infants'":[4,112,192],"pain":[5,23,53,67,79,86,108,125,130,181],"depends":[6,121],"on":[7,81,122],"the":[8,73,162],"observer's":[9],"subjective":[10],"and":[11,15,33,55,59,106,138,147,156,179,187],"potentially":[12],"inconsistent":[13],"judgment":[14],"requires":[16],"continuous":[17,60],"monitoring":[18],"by":[19],"care":[20],"providers.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"may":[24],"be":[25,43],"misinterpreted":[26],"or":[27],"totally":[28],"missed":[29],"leading":[30],"to":[31,110],"misdiagnosis":[32],"over/under":[34],"treatment.":[35],"To":[36],"address":[37],"these":[38,76],"shortcomings,":[39],"current":[40],"can":[42],"augmented":[44],"with":[45],"a":[46,84,101,117,123,132,185],"machine-based":[47,66],"assessment":[48,61,68,166,190],"system":[49],"that":[50,99,120,175],"monitors":[51],"various":[52],"cues":[54],"provides":[56],"an":[57,95],"objective":[58],"pain.":[63,113,193],"Although":[64],"several":[65],"approaches":[69,77],"have":[70],"been":[71],"introduced,":[72],"majority":[74],"assess":[78,111],"based":[80],"analysis":[82],"single":[85,124,133],"indicator":[87,126,134],"(i.e.,":[88,161],"unimodal).":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"we":[93],"propose":[94],"automated":[96],"multimodal":[97,163],"approach":[98,119],"utilizes":[100],"combination":[102],"both":[104,177],"behavioral":[105,178],"physiological":[107,180],"indicators":[109,182],"We":[114],"also":[115],"present":[116],"unimodal":[118],"for":[127,142,165],"assessment.":[128],"Recogsnizing":[129],"using":[131],"yielded":[135],"88%,":[136],"85%,":[137],"82%":[139],"overall":[140,169],"accuracies":[141],"facial":[143,152],"expression,":[144,153],"body":[145,154],"movement,":[146,155],"vital":[148,159],"signs,":[149],"respectively.":[150],"Combining":[151],"changes":[157],"in":[158],"signs":[160],"approach)":[164],"achieved":[167],"95%":[168],"accuracy.":[170],"These":[171],"preliminarily":[172],"results":[173],"indicate":[174],"utilizing":[176],"could":[183],"provide":[184],"better":[186],"more":[188],"reliable":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}