{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158711124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761664","title":"Image classification: Are rule-based systems effective when classes are fixed and known?","display_name":"Image classification: Are rule-based systems effective when classes are fixed and known?","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158711124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761664","mag":"2158711124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025871978","display_name":"Palaiahnakote Shivakumara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-4613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palaiahnakote Shivakumara","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009372982","display_name":"Deepu Rajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-8368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepu Rajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080465082","display_name":"Suresh Anand Sadananthan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5938-1694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suresh A. Sadananthan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82762313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5743047595024109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44373083114624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41923806071281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4173696041107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-system","display_name":"Rule-based system","score":0.41687291860580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41568851470947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4129975736141205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5743047595024109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44373083114624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41923806071281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4173696041107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149271511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417149","display_name":"Rule-based system","level":2,"score":0.41687291860580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41568851470947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4129975736141205}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W317793146","https://openalex.org/W1549872659","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1589362500","https://openalex.org/W2017681101","https://openalex.org/W2075843426","https://openalex.org/W2100003124","https://openalex.org/W2107034620","https://openalex.org/W2108408926","https://openalex.org/W2130595941","https://openalex.org/W2146022472","https://openalex.org/W2154301842","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W6635107798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742991909","https://openalex.org/W2509146328","https://openalex.org/W1577137544","https://openalex.org/W133358225","https://openalex.org/W2508908072","https://openalex.org/W2996038082","https://openalex.org/W2285470653","https://openalex.org/W1914651075","https://openalex.org/W2771450566","https://openalex.org/W7626849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"if":[5],"rule-based":[6],"systems":[7],"are":[8,23],"useful":[9],"for":[10,39,53,59],"image":[11,62],"classification":[12,85],"problems":[13],"when":[14],"the":[15,44,51,66,91,98],"number":[16],"of":[17,47,97],"classes":[18],"is":[19,37,63,88],"fixed.":[20],"The":[21,75],"rules":[22],"derived":[24],"from":[25],"simple":[26],"edge":[27],"features":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"width":[31],"and":[32,84],"straightness.":[33],"A":[34],"class":[35,41,67],"representative":[36,68],"calculated":[38],"each":[40],"according":[42],"to":[43,65,69,73],"average":[45],"percentage":[46,58],"edges":[48],"that":[49,90],"satisfy":[50],"rule":[52,92],"a":[54,71],"particular":[55],"class.":[56],"This":[57],"an":[60],"unknown":[61],"compared":[64],"assign":[70],"label":[72],"it.":[74],"proposed":[76],"system":[77,94],"does":[78],"not":[79],"require":[80],"extensive":[81],"feature":[82],"extraction":[83],"techniques.":[86],"It":[87],"shown":[89],"based":[93],"outperforms":[95],"some":[96],"reported":[99],"results":[100],"on":[101],"scene":[102],"classification.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
