{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154665030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761547","title":"A study of semi-tied covariance modeling for online handwritten Chinese character recognition","display_name":"A study of semi-tied covariance modeling for online handwritten Chinese character recognition","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154665030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761547","mag":"2154665030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339974","display_name":"Yongqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0240-9374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039662070","display_name":"Qiang Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-6482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100339974"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67880086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.8034846782684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.752813458442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.620873749256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5854057669639587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5715458989143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5325345993041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5017879009246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4804894030094147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.45609912276268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.44964492321014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.344748854637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16206911206245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09692898392677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08054393529891968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8034846782684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.752813458442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.620873749256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5854057669639587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5715458989143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5325345993041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5017879009246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4804894030094147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.45609912276268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.44964492321014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.344748854637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16206911206245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09692898392677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08054393529891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.214.2351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.214.2351","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://figment.cse.usf.edu/~sfefilat/data/papers/TuBCT10.27.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1756033901","https://openalex.org/W1977210503","https://openalex.org/W2009781111","https://openalex.org/W2029682728","https://openalex.org/W2040193698","https://openalex.org/W2096969571","https://openalex.org/W2103198836","https://openalex.org/W2106554350","https://openalex.org/W2118559722","https://openalex.org/W2123119958","https://openalex.org/W2134969019","https://openalex.org/W2150782291","https://openalex.org/W2156456363","https://openalex.org/W2158289097","https://openalex.org/W6682143986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2148532443","https://openalex.org/W2027410900","https://openalex.org/W4244285913","https://openalex.org/W1964909833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,55],"new":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6],"large-vocabulary":[7],"online":[8,66],"handwritten":[9,67],"Chinese":[10,68],"character":[11,69,87],"recognition":[12],"based":[13,49],"on":[14,81],"semi-tied":[15],"covariance":[16],"(STC)":[17],"modeling.":[18],"Detailed":[19],"procedures":[20],"are":[21],"described":[22],"for":[23],"estimating":[24],"the":[25,42],"STC":[26],"model":[27],"parameters":[28],"under":[29],"both":[30],"maximum":[31],"likelihood":[32],"(ML)":[33],"and":[34,76,84],"minimum":[35],"classification":[36],"error":[37],"(MCE)":[38],"criteria.":[39],"Compared":[40],"with":[41],"state-of-the-art":[43],"modified":[44],"quadratic":[45],"discriminant":[46],"function":[47],"(MQDF)":[48],"classifiers,":[50],"STC-based":[51],"classifiers":[52],"can":[53],"achieve":[54],"better":[56],"memory-accuracy":[57],"trade-off,":[58],"thus":[59],"provide":[60],"more":[61],"flexibility":[62],"in":[63],"designing":[64],"compact":[65],"recognizers.":[70],"Its":[71],"usefulness":[72],"has":[73],"been":[74],"confirmed":[75],"demonstrated":[77],"by":[78],"comparative":[79],"experiments":[80],"popular":[82],"Nakayosi":[83],"Kuchibue":[85],"Japanese":[86],"databases.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}