{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154511929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761363","title":"Rapid signer adaptation for continuous sign language recognition using a combined approach of eigenvoices, MLLR, and MAP","display_name":"Rapid signer adaptation for continuous sign language recognition using a combined approach of eigenvoices, MLLR, and MAP","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154511929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761363","mag":"2154511929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031651501","display_name":"Ulrich von Agris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich von Agris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Man-Machine Interaction, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Man-Machine Interaction, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098506538","display_name":"Christoph Blomer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Blomer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Man-Machine Interaction, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Man-Machine Interaction, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031874383","display_name":"Karl\u2013Friedrich Kraiss","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl-Friedrich Kraiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Man-Machine Interaction, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Man-Machine Interaction, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031651501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88135593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9546999931335449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.8192876577377319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7945814728736877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.6736459732055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6316575407981873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-a-posteriori-estimation","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","score":0.5961140394210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.5036036372184753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49896907806396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.4794710874557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42857879400253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3563620150089264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.2713284492492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12172502279281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0817299485206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.0599096417427063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.8192876577377319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7945814728736877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.6736459732055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6316575407981873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9810830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635384","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","level":3,"score":0.5961140394210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.5036036372184753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49896907806396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4794710874557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42857879400253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3563620150089264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.2713284492492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12172502279281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0817299485206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0599096417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.214.3455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.214.3455","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://figment.cse.usf.edu/~sfefilat/data/papers/ThCT1.1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:98289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/98289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401362","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition : ICPR 2008 ; Tampa, Florida, USA, 8 - 11 December 2008 / [IAPR, International Association for Pattern Recognition]<br/>19. International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2008, Tampa, USA, 2008-12-08 - 2008-12-11","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037740282","https://openalex.org/W2104687512","https://openalex.org/W2112382942","https://openalex.org/W2131058287","https://openalex.org/W2147954049","https://openalex.org/W2165108269","https://openalex.org/W2485350423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997567050","https://openalex.org/W2110143569","https://openalex.org/W3122938442","https://openalex.org/W4379621602","https://openalex.org/W4294690766","https://openalex.org/W2159815235","https://openalex.org/W79315950","https://openalex.org/W3204710839","https://openalex.org/W2025206082","https://openalex.org/W1989687946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"sign":[1,91],"language":[2,92],"recognition":[3,55,126],"systems":[4],"are":[5],"still":[6],"designed":[7],"for":[8],"signer-dependent":[9],"operation":[10],"only":[11,120],"and":[12,78],"thus":[13],"suffer":[14],"from":[15],"the":[16,34,141],"problem":[17],"of":[18,36,72,98,114,128,137],"interpersonal":[19],"variability":[20],"in":[21],"production.":[22],"Applied":[23],"to":[24,60,140],"signer-independent":[25,142],"tasks,":[26],"they":[27],"show":[28],"poor":[29],"performance":[30],"even":[31,109],"when":[32],"increasing":[33],"number":[35],"training":[37],"signers.":[38,62,101],"Better":[39],"results":[40],"can":[41],"be":[42],"achieved":[43],"with":[44,110,119],"dedicated":[45],"adaptation":[46,66,104,115,118,122],"methods.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51],"describe":[52],"a":[53,69,80,89,111,125,132],"vision-based":[54],"system":[56],"that":[57,94],"quickly":[58],"adapts":[59],"new":[61],"For":[63],"rapid":[64],"signer":[65],"it":[67],"employs":[68],"combined":[70],"approach":[71,105],"eigenvoices,":[73],"maximum":[74,79],"likelihood":[75],"linear":[76],"regression,":[77],"posteriori":[81],"estimation.":[82],"An":[83],"extensive":[84],"evaluation":[85],"was":[86],"performed":[87],"on":[88],"large":[90],"corpus,":[93],"contains":[95],"continuous":[96],"articulations":[97],"25":[99],"native":[100],"The":[102],"proposed":[103],"significantly":[106],"increases":[107],"accuracy":[108,127],"small":[112],"amount":[113],"data.":[116],"Supervised":[117],"10":[121],"utterances":[123],"yields":[124],"75.8%,":[129],"which":[130],"is":[131],"relative":[133],"error":[134],"rate":[135],"reduction":[136],"30.2%":[138],"compared":[139],"baseline.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}