{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165629849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761311","title":"An improved mean-shift tracker with kernel prediction and scale optimisation targeting for low-frame-rate video tracking","display_name":"An improved mean-shift tracker with kernel prediction and scale optimisation targeting for low-frame-rate video tracking","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165629849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761311","mag":"2165629849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676631","display_name":"Zhidong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-5547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhidong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE, University of New South Wales, Australia","NICTA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE, University of New South Wales, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394832","display_name":"Jing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-0673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE, University of New South Wales, Australia","NICTA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE, University of New South Wales, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020757240","display_name":"Nicol N. Schraudolph","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicol N. Schraudolph","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100676631"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I42894916"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77783726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-shift","display_name":"Mean-shift","score":0.8500014543533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.7930982708930969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6980054378509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6862507462501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6672173142433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.6010297536849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5934797525405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5837079286575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5093127489089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4946458041667938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4032019376754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.25960850715637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19532564282417297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48548287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803557","display_name":"Mean-shift","level":3,"score":0.8500014543533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.7930982708930969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6980054378509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6862507462501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6672173142433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6010297536849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5934797525405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5837079286575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5093127489089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4946458041667938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4032019376754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25960850715637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19532564282417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.214.1538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.214.1538","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://figment.cse.usf.edu/~sfefilat/data/papers/ThBCT9.21.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.421.406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.421.406","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cnl.salk.edu/~schraudo/pubs/LiCheSch08.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502024436","https://openalex.org/W2033745884","https://openalex.org/W2096843918","https://openalex.org/W2110116545","https://openalex.org/W2129142203","https://openalex.org/W2132103241","https://openalex.org/W2160208155","https://openalex.org/W2161406034","https://openalex.org/W2170120409","https://openalex.org/W2197749140","https://openalex.org/W6659028981","https://openalex.org/W6687616509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487824918","https://openalex.org/W2386156666","https://openalex.org/W2349207614","https://openalex.org/W2335246570","https://openalex.org/W1980446522","https://openalex.org/W2062358783","https://openalex.org/W2365415794","https://openalex.org/W2977517636","https://openalex.org/W2290997524","https://openalex.org/W2810129309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"mean-shift":[1,89,142],"(MS)":[2],"algorithm":[3,74],"is":[4,36,54,67],"widely":[5,55],"used":[6],"in":[7,27,39,57,115,133],"object":[8,22,28,65],"tracking":[9,66,113],"because":[10],"of":[11,21],"its":[12],"speed":[13],"and":[14,24,48,87,97,109,143],"simplicity.":[15],"However,":[16],"it":[17],"assumes":[18],"certain":[19],"overlap":[20],"appearance":[23],"smooth":[25],"change":[26,132],"scale":[29,49,110,131],"between":[30],"consecutive":[31],"video":[32,53,136],"frames.":[33],"This":[34],"assumption":[35],"usually":[37],"violated":[38],"a":[40,85],"low-frame-rate":[41],"(LFR)":[42],"video,":[43],"which":[44,139],"contains":[45],"fast":[46,126],"motion":[47],"changes.":[50],"An":[51],"LFR":[52,117,135],"adopted":[56],"applications":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60],"surveillance":[61],"systems,":[62],"where":[63],"real-time":[64],"highly":[68],"desirable":[69],"but":[70],"the":[71,106,122,140],"traditional":[72,141],"MS":[73],"does":[75],"not":[76],"perform":[77],"well.":[78],"We":[79],"addressed":[80],"this":[81],"problem":[82],"by":[83],"proposing":[84],"novel":[86],"enhanced":[88],"tracker,":[90],"named":[91],"SMDShift,":[92],"that":[93],"uses":[94],"kernel":[95,107],"prediction":[96],"stochastic":[98],"meta-descent":[99],"(SMD)":[100],"optimization":[101],"method":[102],"to":[103],"deal":[104],"with":[105,129],"position":[108],"variation":[111],"when":[112],"objects":[114,128],"an":[116,134],"video.":[118],"In":[119],"our":[120],"experiments,":[121],"SMDShift":[123],"can":[124],"track":[125],"moving":[127],"significant":[130],"sequence":[137],"on":[138],"Camshift":[144],"algorithms":[145],"fail.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}