{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103142103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761176","title":"Unsupervised categorization of heterogeneous text images based on fractals","display_name":"Unsupervised categorization of heterogeneous text images based on fractals","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103142103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761176","mag":"2103142103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053912851","display_name":"Badreddine Khelifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5688-7398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Badreddine Khelifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, REGIM: Research Group on Intelligent Machines, University of Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, Tunisia","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, REGIM: Research Group on Intelligent Machines, University of Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020302600","display_name":"Nizar Zaghden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-4149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nizar Zaghden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, REGIM: Research Group on Intelligent Machines, University of Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, Tunisia","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, REGIM: Research Group on Intelligent Machines, University of Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053613060","display_name":"Adel M. Alimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-3384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Adel Alimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, REGIM: Research Group on Intelligent Machines, University of Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, Tunisia","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, REGIM: Research Group on Intelligent Machines, University of Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105919166","display_name":"R\u00e9my Mullot","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Remy Mullot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, REGIM: Research Group on Intelligent Machines, University of Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, Tunisia","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, REGIM: Research Group on Intelligent Machines, University of Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053912851"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8393,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61591512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.8419378995895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8044083118438721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.7107837796211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6262058615684509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5780351161956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5606774091720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.5090553164482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-categorization","display_name":"Text categorization","score":0.5080718994140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4971034824848175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/font","display_name":"Font","score":0.41341912746429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39553314447402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08974871039390564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.8419378995895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8044083118438721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.7107837796211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6262058615684509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5780351161956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5606774091720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.5090553164482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986744138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302088","display_name":"Text categorization","level":3,"score":0.5080718994140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4971034824848175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777737414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868296","display_name":"Font","level":2,"score":0.41341912746429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39553314447402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08974871039390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598396238","https://openalex.org/W2097323614","https://openalex.org/W2098134779","https://openalex.org/W2110908934","https://openalex.org/W2117494185","https://openalex.org/W2121979056","https://openalex.org/W2142142730","https://openalex.org/W2150524641","https://openalex.org/W2151537777","https://openalex.org/W2161085387","https://openalex.org/W2170709565","https://openalex.org/W2205592668","https://openalex.org/W6677338634","https://openalex.org/W6681398676","https://openalex.org/W6685189352","https://openalex.org/W6688459712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360898036","https://openalex.org/W2390857744","https://openalex.org/W2133651098","https://openalex.org/W2390698788","https://openalex.org/W2125109223","https://openalex.org/W2383063829","https://openalex.org/W2138922887","https://openalex.org/W2082678934","https://openalex.org/W2035261173","https://openalex.org/W2106892947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"deals":[2],"about":[3],"text":[4,24,31],"extraction":[5],"from":[6],"heterogeneous":[7],"documents":[8,11],"for":[9,47],"categorizing":[10],"and":[12,35,50],"indexing":[13],"tasks.":[14],"The":[15],"purpose":[16],"of":[17],"this":[18],"work":[19],"is":[20,39],"to":[21],"find":[22],"similar":[23],"regions":[25,32],"basing":[26],"on":[27],"their":[28],"fonts.":[29],"First":[30],"are":[33,45],"extracted,":[34],"then":[36],"font":[37],"matching":[38],"performed":[40],"using":[41],"fractal":[42],"descriptors.":[43],"Experiments":[44],"done":[46],"both":[48],"maps":[49],"ancient":[51],"documents.":[52]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}