{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146898502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761010","title":"Force histograms computed in O(NlogN)","display_name":"Force histograms computed in O(NlogN)","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146898502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761010","mag":"2146898502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043704455","display_name":"Jingbo Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9572-2564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingbo Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Guelph, Canada","University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Guelph, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037237628","display_name":"Pascal Matsakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Matsakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Guelph, Canada","University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Guelph, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2955,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76055585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.773758590221405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-growth","display_name":"Quadratic growth","score":0.598932683467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5881431698799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5773671269416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5603095293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-graphics","display_name":"Raster graphics","score":0.5319699645042419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-geometry","display_name":"Computational geometry","score":0.5300868153572083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.48593583703041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4804258346557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4497430920600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44756051898002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.44050076603889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.42801111936569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3649687170982361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3271193504333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.22889411449432373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.773758590221405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195956108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268362","display_name":"Quadratic growth","level":2,"score":0.598932683467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5881431698799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5773671269416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5603095293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.5319699645042419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29123130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874709","display_name":"Computational geometry","level":2,"score":0.5300868153572083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.48593583703041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4804258346557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4497430920600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44756051898002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.44050076603889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.42801111936569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3649687170982361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3271193504333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.22889411449432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393916651","display_name":"Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"1041-3278","issn":["1041-3278","1051-4651"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.214.3883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.214.3883","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://figment.cse.usf.edu/~sfefilat/data/papers/MoBT8.21.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.662.1920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.662.1920","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.uoguelph.ca/%7Ematsakis/Publications/ICPR08.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77186466","https://openalex.org/W137285347","https://openalex.org/W1493960433","https://openalex.org/W2001365774","https://openalex.org/W2005081231","https://openalex.org/W2065509836","https://openalex.org/W2130660124","https://openalex.org/W2150622247","https://openalex.org/W2160852876","https://openalex.org/W4244418308"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084086280","https://openalex.org/W2027198738","https://openalex.org/W2397767885","https://openalex.org/W2062514649","https://openalex.org/W2083114070","https://openalex.org/W237421766","https://openalex.org/W3013712002","https://openalex.org/W2004392729","https://openalex.org/W4238270958","https://openalex.org/W2626784971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"relative":[1],"position":[2],"between":[3],"two":[4],"objects":[5,53,94],"in":[6,27,36,46,80,101],"a":[7,16],"2D":[8],"raster":[9],"image":[10,38],"is":[11,31,41,82],"often":[12],"represented":[13],"quantitatively":[14],"by":[15],"force":[17,23],"histogram.":[18],"In":[19,72],"the":[20,32,37,42,52,65,73,108],"general":[21],"case,":[22],"histograms":[24],"are":[25,49,54,86,99],"computed":[26],"O(KN\u221aN)":[28],"time:":[29],"N":[30],"number":[33,43,66],"of":[34,44,68,89],"pixels":[35],"and":[39,91],"K":[40,90],"directions":[45],"which":[47],"forces":[48],"considered.":[50],"When":[51],"defined":[55],"as":[56],"fuzzy":[57],"sets,":[58],"this":[59],"complexity":[60],"also":[61],"depends":[62],"quadratically":[63],"on":[64],"M":[67],"possible":[69],"membership":[70],"degrees.":[71],"present":[74],"paper,":[75],"an":[76,102],"algorithm":[77],"that":[78],"runs":[79],"O(NlogN)":[81],"introduced.":[83],"Computation":[84],"times":[85],"basically":[87],"independent":[88],"M.":[92],"All":[93],"(convex,":[95],"concave,":[96],"crisp,":[97],"fuzzy)":[98],"handled":[100],"equally":[103],"fast":[104],"manner.":[105],"Experiments":[106],"validate":[107],"theoretical":[109],"analysis.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}