{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159057415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334686","title":"Information fusion in face identification","display_name":"Information fusion in face identification","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159057415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334686","mag":"2159057415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2004.1334686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608750","display_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114778111","display_name":"Wenchao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-4232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050297728","display_name":"Shiguang Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8348-392X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiguang Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT-ISVISION Joint Research and Development Laboratory for Face Recognition, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT-ISVISION Joint Research and Development Laboratory for Face Recognition, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100836577","display_name":"Wen Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT-ISVISION Joint Research and Development Laboratory for Face Recognition, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT-ISVISION Joint Research and Development Laboratory for Face Recognition, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032434864","display_name":"Yizheng Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizheng Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102988738","display_name":"Bo Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-0747"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT-ISVISION Joint Research and Development Laboratory for Face Recognition, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT-ISVISION Joint Research and Development Laboratory for Face Recognition, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101923893","display_name":"Peng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-658X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT-ISVISION Joint Research and Development Laboratory for Face Recognition, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT-ISVISION Joint Research and Development Laboratory for Face Recognition, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114778111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4159,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9622093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"950","last_page":"953 Vol.3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7395350337028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7219767570495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.706052303314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6983967423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.648712158203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5827459096908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5345584154129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5185319185256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.43819111585617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4277113676071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4065881371498108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7395350337028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7219767570495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.706052303314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6983967423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.648712158203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5827459096908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5345584154129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5185319185256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.43819111585617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4277113676071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4065881371498108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2004.1334686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608750","display_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.118.5843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.118.5843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.jdl.ac.cn/doc/2004/icpr2004-zhangwenchao-facerecoginforfusion.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.527.8757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.527.8757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.jdl.ac.cn/user/sgshan/pub/ICPR04-WenchaoZhang-Final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.530.7434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.530.7434","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.jdl.ac.cn/user/wczhang/Paper/ICPR04-Information Fusion.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598554978","https://openalex.org/W1805888261","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2029683515","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2040179990","https://openalex.org/W2095757522","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2113341759","https://openalex.org/W2115689562","https://openalex.org/W2117052143","https://openalex.org/W2131490916","https://openalex.org/W2136461127","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2169504763","https://openalex.org/W2689627924","https://openalex.org/W3215887389","https://openalex.org/W4310288542","https://openalex.org/W6677660597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W2095239294","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3212688212","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W2985118265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"fusion":[1,19,45,68,73,106],"of":[2,111],"multi-modal":[3],"biometrics":[4],"has":[5],"attracted":[6],"much":[7],"attention":[8],"in":[9,20,47],"recent":[10],"years.":[11],"However,":[12],"this":[13],"paper":[14],"focuses":[15],"on":[16,94,130],"the":[17,25,44,52,57,61,65,70,78,81,85,109,131],"information":[18,105],"single":[21],"models,":[22],"that":[23,103,118],"is,":[24],"face":[26,48,53,96,101,112],"biometric.":[27],"Two":[28],"different":[29],"representation":[30,54,62],"methods,":[31],"gray":[32,119],"level":[33,55,120],"intensity":[34,121],"and":[35,56,69,84,98,114,122],"Gabor":[36,123],"feature,":[37],"are":[38,74,88],"exploited":[39],"for":[40,126],"fusion.":[41,133],"We":[42,90],"study":[43],"problem":[46],"recognition":[49,113],"at":[50,77],"both":[51,64],"confidence":[58,79],"level.":[59],"At":[60],"level,":[63,80],"PCA":[66],"feature":[67,72,124],"LDA":[71],"considered,":[75],"while":[76],"sum":[82],"rule":[83,87],"product":[86],"investigated.":[89],"show":[91],"through":[92],"experiments":[93],"FERET":[95],"database":[97,102],"our":[99],"own":[100],"appropriate":[104],"can":[107],"improve":[108],"performance":[110],"verification.":[115],"This":[116],"suggests":[117],"compensate":[125],"each":[127],"other,":[128],"based":[129],"feasible":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
