{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232679814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334336","title":"Face verification system architecture using smart cards","display_name":"Face verification system architecture using smart cards","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232679814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2004.1334336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608750","display_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056462004","display_name":"Thirimachos Bourlai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8751-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Bourlai","raw_affiliation_strings":["CVSSP Group, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CVSSP Group, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089832734","display_name":"Kieron Messer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Messer","raw_affiliation_strings":["CVSSP Group, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CVSSP Group, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028209738","display_name":"Josef Kittler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8110-9205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kittler","raw_affiliation_strings":["CVSSP Group, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CVSSP Group, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78825275,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"793","last_page":"796 Vol.1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7947171926498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-card","display_name":"Smart card","score":0.7626359462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6546957492828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5966642498970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.580237090587616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5475316643714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.49197718501091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.47714826464653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47319766879081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4677550792694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.46456754207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3600444197654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.323352575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.32291221618652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30147790908813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12457478046417236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7947171926498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110406131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41349","display_name":"Smart card","level":2,"score":0.7626359462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6546957492828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5966642498970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.580237090587616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5475316643714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.49197718501091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.47714826464653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47319766879081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4677550792694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.46456754207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3600444197654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.323352575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32291221618652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30147790908813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12457478046417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2004.1334336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608750","display_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519420595","https://openalex.org/W1527240141","https://openalex.org/W1579299427","https://openalex.org/W2098001483","https://openalex.org/W2146824864","https://openalex.org/W2156131479","https://openalex.org/W3148964180","https://openalex.org/W3215887389","https://openalex.org/W6630991031","https://openalex.org/W6631618440","https://openalex.org/W6634813698","https://openalex.org/W6682763455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3212688212","https://openalex.org/W2094266434","https://openalex.org/W2985118265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"smart":[1,32],"card":[2,61],"based":[3],"face":[4,39],"verification":[5,40,86],"system":[6,90],"is":[7,17,91,99],"proposed":[8,97],"in":[9],"which":[10],"the":[11,20,38,48,54,60,64,68,74,85,89,96],"feature":[12],"extraction":[13],"and":[14,28,62,76,94],"decision":[15],"making":[16],"performed":[18,72],"on":[19,73],"card.":[21],"Such":[22],"an":[23],"architecture":[24,98],"has":[25],"many":[26],"privacy":[27],"security":[29],"benefits.":[30],"As":[31],"cards":[33],"are":[34],"limited":[35],"computational":[36,65],"platforms,":[37],"algorithms":[41],"have":[42],"to":[43,46,57,59],"be":[44],"adapted":[45],"limit":[47],"facial":[49],"image":[50],"representations.":[51],"This":[52],"minimises":[53],"information":[55],"needed":[56],"send":[58],"lessens":[63],"load":[66],"of":[67,88],"template":[69],"matching.":[70],"Studies":[71],"BANCA":[75],"XM2VTS":[77],"databases":[78],"demonstrate":[79],"that":[80,95],"by":[81],"limiting":[82],"these":[83],"representations,":[84],"performance":[87],"not":[92],"degraded":[93],"a":[100],"viable":[101],"one.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}