{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4233191240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334234","title":"Real-time face recognition using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization for LDA","display_name":"Real-time face recognition using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization for LDA","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4233191240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2004.1334234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608750","display_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029771864","display_name":"Wenming Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-5179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenming Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Res. Center for Sci. of Learning, Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Res. Center for Sci. of Learning, Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112110256","display_name":"Cairong Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cairong Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Engineering Research Center of Information Processing and Application, South-East University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Engineering Research Center of Information Processing and Application, South-East University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032277491","display_name":"Zhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-0351"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029771864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.02150726,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9386845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"403","last_page":"406 Vol.2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonalization","display_name":"Orthogonalization","score":0.957688570022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.8415729999542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6877522468566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.635535478591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.614532470703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6012312173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5987697839736938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5606083273887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5382852554321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5240631103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41598576307296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3784613609313965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47559304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1702189","display_name":"Orthogonalization","level":2,"score":0.957688570022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.8415729999542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6877522468566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.635535478591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.614532470703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6012312173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5987697839736938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5606083273887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5382852554321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5240631103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41598576307296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3784613609313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2004.1334234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608750","display_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971662204","https://openalex.org/W1985809919","https://openalex.org/W2009355066","https://openalex.org/W2040179990","https://openalex.org/W2041657594","https://openalex.org/W2052087587","https://openalex.org/W2084134149","https://openalex.org/W2084313164","https://openalex.org/W2088900896","https://openalex.org/W2097544162","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2104287253","https://openalex.org/W2107548518","https://openalex.org/W2115689562","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2135346934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052589448","https://openalex.org/W2765337000","https://openalex.org/W3104072235","https://openalex.org/W2391447249","https://openalex.org/W2312955079","https://openalex.org/W2350996391","https://openalex.org/W2000169474","https://openalex.org/W1972373683","https://openalex.org/W2066119650","https://openalex.org/W2059615944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"real-time":[1],"face":[2,77],"recognition":[3,56],"method":[4],"using":[5],"Gram-Schmidt":[6],"orthogonalization":[7],"for":[8],"linear":[9,61],"discriminant":[10,62],"analysis":[11,63],"(GSLDA)":[12],"is":[13],"presented":[14],"in":[15,40],"this":[16],"paper.":[17],"The":[18],"GSLDA":[19,52],"algorithm":[20],"avoids":[21],"the":[22,29,49,59,67,81,85],"large":[23],"matrices":[24],"computation":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27],"computing":[28],"inverse":[30],"or":[31],"diagonalization":[32],"of":[33,42,71,84],"matrices,":[34],"which":[35],"may":[36],"be":[37],"somewhat":[38],"problematic":[39],"terms":[41],"computational":[43],"demands":[44],"and":[45],"numerical":[46],"accuracy.":[47],"On":[48],"other":[50],"hand,":[51],"also":[53],"achieves":[54],"better":[55,82],"performance":[57,83],"than":[58],"classical":[60],"(LDA)":[64],"by":[65],"overcoming":[66],"degenerate":[68],"eigenvalue":[69],"problem":[70],"LDA.":[72],"Experimental":[73],"results":[74],"on":[75],"real":[76],"databases":[78],"have":[79],"confirmed":[80],"proposed":[86],"method.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}