{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154209995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1048284","title":"The economics of classification: error vs. complexity","display_name":"The economics of classification: error vs. complexity","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154209995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1048284","mag":"2154209995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2002.1048284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1048284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080533789","display_name":"Dick de Ridder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-4310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. de Ridder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition Group, Department of Applied Physics, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition Group, Department of Applied Physics, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084835631","display_name":"El\u017cbieta P\u0119kalska","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Pekalska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition Group, Department of Applied Physics, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition Group, Department of Applied Physics, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109106696","display_name":"Robert P. W. Duin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.P.W. Duin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition Group, Department of Applied Physics, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition Group, Department of Applied Physics, Delft University of Technnology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080533789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82435491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"244","last_page":"247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7838766574859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7209368944168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5378991365432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5360069274902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5284623503684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49689653515815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.46252188086509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.448735773563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4417005181312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3494165241718292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2907570004463196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7838766574859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7209368944168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5378991365432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5360069274902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5284623503684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49689653515815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.46252188086509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.448735773563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4417005181312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3494165241718292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2907570004463196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2002.1048284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1048284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.18.9728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.18.9728","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ph.tn.tudelft.nl/People/bob/papers/icpr_02_economy.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486089539","https://openalex.org/W1530944062","https://openalex.org/W1555915743","https://openalex.org/W2057284218","https://openalex.org/W2124735751","https://openalex.org/W2159351056","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W4205687621","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W2087343574","https://openalex.org/W2121910908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"usually":[1],"classifier":[2,13,37],"error":[3,38,67],"is":[4,30,81,92],"the":[5,24,54,84],"main":[6],"concern":[7],"in":[8,10],"publications,":[9],"real":[11],"applications":[12],"evaluation":[14,41,77],"complexity":[15,42],"may":[16],"play":[17],"a":[18,26,34],"large":[19],"role":[20],"as":[21],"well.":[22],"In":[23],"paper,":[25],"simple":[27],"economic":[28],"model":[29,80],"proposed":[31],"with":[32],"which":[33],"trade-off":[35,47],"between":[36],"and":[39,91],"calculated":[40],"can":[43,48],"be":[44,50],"formulated.":[45],"This":[46],"then":[49],"used":[51],"to":[52,64,75,83,94,96],"judge":[53],"necessity":[55],"of":[56,62,87],"increasing":[57],"sample":[58],"size":[59],"or":[60,72],"number":[61],"features":[63],"decrease":[65,76],"classification":[66],"or,":[68],"conversely,":[69],"feature":[70],"extraction":[71],"prototype":[73],"selection":[74],"complexity.":[78],"The":[79],"applied":[82],"benchmark":[85],"problem":[86],"handwritten":[88],"digit":[89],"recognition":[90],"shown":[93],"lead":[95],"interesting":[97],"conclusions,":[98],"given":[99],"certain":[100],"assumptions.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
