{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145908571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047868","title":"Coarse-to-fine support vector classifiers for face detection","display_name":"Coarse-to-fine support vector classifiers for face detection","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145908571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047868","mag":"2145908571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2002.1047868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029896607","display_name":"Hichem Sahbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-9146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Sahbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Rocquencourt, France","Inst. Nat. de Recherche en Inf. et Autom., Le Chesnay, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Rocquencourt, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. Nat. de Recherche en Inf. et Autom., Le Chesnay, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108359223","display_name":"Nozha Boujemaa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Boujemaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Rocquencourt, France","Inst. Nat. de Recherche en Inf. et Autom., Le Chesnay, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Rocquencourt, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. Nat. de Recherche en Inf. et Autom., Le Chesnay, France","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029896607"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8075,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75631458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"359","last_page":"362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6810117959976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6364237070083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6204179525375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6150736212730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5203213691711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.500603437423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4313352704048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3415724039077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32411548495292664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6810117959976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6364237070083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6204179525375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6150736212730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5203213691711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.500603437423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4313352704048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3415724039077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32411548495292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2002.1047868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601741105","https://openalex.org/W1877382520","https://openalex.org/W2003467992","https://openalex.org/W2104867159","https://openalex.org/W2106309274","https://openalex.org/W2124351082","https://openalex.org/W2125791971","https://openalex.org/W2151219244","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W3214102110","https://openalex.org/W6639399000","https://openalex.org/W6675791501","https://openalex.org/W6804270185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967587236","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W2133653344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,72],"describe":[1],"a":[2,90,94,113,121,126,130],"new":[3],"hierarchical":[4],"face":[5],"detection":[6,100,109],"algorithm":[7],"which":[8,78],"allows":[9,79],"fast":[10],"background":[11,105],"rejection":[12,106],"in":[13,21,49,54,65,97],"major":[14],"parts":[15],"of":[16,56,59,62,99,132],"images":[17],"and":[18,44,104,116],"fine":[19],"processing":[20],"area":[22],"containing":[23],"faces.":[24],"This":[25],"coarse-to-fine":[26],"classification":[27],"strategy":[28,118],"is":[29,68,110],"based":[30],"on":[31],"learning":[32],"support":[33,60],"vector":[34],"classifiers":[35],"(SVMs)":[36],"with":[37,129],"increasing":[38],"evaluation":[39],"complexity":[40],"(resp.":[41],"decreasing":[42],"invariance":[43],"false":[45,102],"alarm":[46],"rates)":[47],"top-down":[48],"the":[50,57,66,74,86],"hierarchy.":[51],"The":[52],"complexity,":[53],"terms":[55,98],"number":[58],"vectors,":[61],"each":[63,80],"detector":[64],"hierarchy":[67],"reduced":[69],"by":[70],"clustering.":[71],"introduce":[73],"bias":[75],"variation":[76],"technique":[77],"simplified":[81],"SVM":[82],"function":[83],"to":[84,92],"satisfy":[85],"conservation":[87],"hypothesis":[88],"as":[89],"criterion":[91],"get":[93],"consistent":[95],"classifier":[96],"rate,":[101],"alarms":[103],"efficiency.":[107],"Face":[108],"performed":[111],"using":[112],"depth-first":[114],"search":[115],"cancel":[117],"which,":[119],"for":[120],"given":[122],"\"face":[123],"pattern\",":[124],"finds":[125],"root-leaf":[127],"path":[128],"sequence":[131],"positive":[133],"answers.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}