{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1499215464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047818","title":"Category-dependent feature extraction for recognition of degraded handwritten characters","display_name":"Category-dependent feature extraction for recognition of degraded handwritten characters","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1499215464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047818","mag":"1499215464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2002.1047818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047818","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082112397","display_name":"M. Mori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-4519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Corporation, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kanagawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Corporation, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035962568","display_name":"Minako Sawaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sawaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Corporation, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kanagawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Corporation, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015175458","display_name":"Norihiro Hagita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Hagita","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATR, Media Information Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan","NTT Corporation, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kanagawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATR, Media Information Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Corporation, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082112397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5284758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"155","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.7573596239089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7458946704864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.7307950258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7184823155403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.701952338218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6192525029182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5731530785560608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.7573596239089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7458946704864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.7307950258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7184823155403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.701952338218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6192525029182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5731530785560608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2002.1047818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047818","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311508","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515641296","https://openalex.org/W1533110901","https://openalex.org/W1592735339","https://openalex.org/W1873587239","https://openalex.org/W1975679132","https://openalex.org/W1997458889","https://openalex.org/W2107768760","https://openalex.org/W2149612898","https://openalex.org/W2155827254","https://openalex.org/W2158052399","https://openalex.org/W2161276799","https://openalex.org/W2164398479","https://openalex.org/W6630732937","https://openalex.org/W6631785637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2123759770","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W2811390910","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W2768048376","https://openalex.org/W2082269393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"methods":[1],"for":[2],"recognizing":[3],"multiple":[4],"fonts":[5],"and":[6,30,45],"handwriting":[7],"are":[8,14,60],"generally":[9],"robust":[10],"against":[11,16],"deformation,":[12],"but":[13],"weak":[15],"degradation.":[17,31,70,89],"This":[18],"paper":[19],"proposes":[20],"a":[21],"category-dependent":[22],"feature":[23,81],"extraction":[24],"method":[25,34],"that":[26,78],"resists":[27],"both":[28],"deformation":[29],"Our":[32],"proposed":[33,80],"compares":[35],"an":[36],"input":[37,53],"pattern":[38],"with":[39],"the":[40,47,52,65,79],"template":[41],"of":[42,49,51],"each":[43],"category":[44],"estimates":[46],"degree":[48],"degradation":[50,59],"pattern.":[54],"Approximate":[55],"stroke":[56],"run-lengths":[57],"without":[58],"then":[61],"obtained":[62],"by":[63,69],"compensating":[64],"inaccurate":[66],"runs":[67],"caused":[68],"Recognition":[71],"experiments":[72],"using":[73],"degraded":[74],"handwritten":[75],"characters":[76],"show":[77],"is":[82],"superior":[83],"to":[84],"conventional":[85],"ones":[86],"in":[87],"resisting":[88]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}