{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123011716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047816","title":"A comparative study between decision fusion and data fusion in Markovian printed character recognition","display_name":"A comparative study between decision fusion and data fusion in Markovian printed character recognition","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123011716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047816","mag":"2123011716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2002.1047816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047816","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008381335","display_name":"Khalid Hallouli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Hallouli","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9I\u00e9communications, Paris, France","Departement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nat. Superieure des Telecommun., Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9I\u00e9communications, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nat. Superieure des Telecommun., Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063346157","display_name":"Laurence Likforman-Sulem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9096-7239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Likforman-Sulem","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9I\u00e9communications, Paris, France","Departement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nat. Superieure des Telecommun., Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9I\u00e9communications, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nat. Superieure des Telecommun., Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060819073","display_name":"Marc Sigelle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sigelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9I\u00e9communications, Paris, France","Departement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nat. Superieure des Telecommun., Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9I\u00e9communications, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement de Traitement de Signal et des Images, Ecole Nat. Superieure des Telecommun., Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008381335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89732007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"147","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8951282501220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6442268490791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6224689483642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5919289588928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5885871052742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5621471405029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5320644974708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5310877561569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.504236102104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.451302170753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.4475211203098297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-model","display_name":"Context model","score":0.43293648958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4107826054096222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22464925050735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15796935558319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10885307192802429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.1044975221157074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8951282501220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6442268490791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6224689483642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5919289588928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5885871052742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5621471405029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5320644974708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5310877561569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.504236102104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.451302170753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.4475211203098297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.43293648958206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4107826054096222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22464925050735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15796935558319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10885307192802429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.1044975221157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpr.2002.1047816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2002.1047816","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519918999","https://openalex.org/W1755360231","https://openalex.org/W1944090314","https://openalex.org/W1976684802","https://openalex.org/W2055853283","https://openalex.org/W2109088898","https://openalex.org/W2110604750","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W4299670631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2995886640","https://openalex.org/W1591475660","https://openalex.org/W2001275470","https://openalex.org/W2376125133","https://openalex.org/W2170832773"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"comparison":[1],"is":[2,67,99],"made":[3],"between":[4,109],"several":[5],"hidden":[6],"Markov":[7],"models":[8],"in":[9,41],"the":[10,30,47,58,64,88,110],"context":[11],"of":[12,25,73,82,91],"printed":[13],"character":[14,27],"recognition.":[15],"Two":[16],"HMMs":[17,37],"are":[18,38,61],"first":[19],"compared,":[20],"one":[21],"dealing":[22,32],"with":[23,33],"columns":[24],"a":[26,42,74,84],"image,":[28],"and":[29,63,93,112],"other":[31],"lines.":[34],"These":[35],"2":[36],"then":[39],"associated":[40],"decision":[43],"fusion":[44,97],"scheme":[45,98],"combining":[46],"log-likelihoods":[48],"provided":[49],"by":[50],"each":[51],"HMM":[52],"classifier.":[53],"The":[54,78],"statistical":[55],"assumptions":[56],"underlying":[57],"combination":[59,65],"formula":[60,66],"described":[62],"shown":[68,100],"to":[69,101],"be":[70,102],"an":[71],"approximation":[72],"real":[75],"joint":[76,89],"log-likelihood.":[77],"last":[79],"experiment":[80],"consists":[81],"building":[83],"single":[85],"HMM,":[86],"modeling":[87],"flow":[90],"lines":[92],"columns.":[94],"This":[95],"data":[96],"more":[103],"accurate":[104],"as":[105],"it":[106],"highlights":[107],"correlations":[108],"line":[111],"column":[113],"features.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}