{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411360016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc66645.2025.00017","title":"Leveraging Multi-Task Learning to Improve the Detection of SATD and Vulnerability","display_name":"Leveraging Multi-Task Learning to Improve the Detection of SATD and Vulnerability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411360016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc66645.2025.00017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpc66645.2025.00017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc66645.2025.00017","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ACM 33rd International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://bia.unibz.it/esploro/outputs/conferenceProceeding/Leveraging-Multi-Task-Learning-to-Improve-the/991007060696801241","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014354355","display_name":"Barbara Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-9264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University of Bozen-Bolzano,Bolzano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano,Bolzano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017524374","display_name":"Jorge Melegati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-4173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Melegati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University of Bozen-Bolzano,Bolzano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano,Bolzano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063211230","display_name":"Moritz Mock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3156-6211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz Mock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University of Bozen-Bolzano,Bolzano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano,Bolzano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8228,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95738255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.5133000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.5133000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.750812292098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.645139753818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6133342981338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33864226937294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15707042813301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07429331541061401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.750812292098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.645139753818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6133342981338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33864226937294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15707042813301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07429331541061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpc66645.2025.00017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc66645.2025.00017","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ACM 33rd International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unibz.it:11340676890001241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bia.unibz.it/esploro/outputs/conferenceProceeding/Leveraging-Multi-Task-Learning-to-Improve-the/991007060696801241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:unibz.it:11340676890001241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bia.unibz.it/esploro/outputs/conferenceProceeding/Leveraging-Multi-Task-Learning-to-Improve-the/991007060696801241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045336717","https://openalex.org/W2057244851","https://openalex.org/W2130602377","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2242800359","https://openalex.org/W2295240344","https://openalex.org/W2338318698","https://openalex.org/W2579161546","https://openalex.org/W2612705982","https://openalex.org/W2919248872","https://openalex.org/W2962960733","https://openalex.org/W2966158888","https://openalex.org/W2980708516","https://openalex.org/W2990323480","https://openalex.org/W3007313497","https://openalex.org/W3008371681","https://openalex.org/W3089767927","https://openalex.org/W3091588759","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3141797743","https://openalex.org/W3166095789","https://openalex.org/W3177116043","https://openalex.org/W3185691166","https://openalex.org/W3217001695","https://openalex.org/W4221145227","https://openalex.org/W4223909856","https://openalex.org/W4226203778","https://openalex.org/W4229003063","https://openalex.org/W4296422514","https://openalex.org/W4312436517","https://openalex.org/W4313421210","https://openalex.org/W4384345661","https://openalex.org/W4384345698","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385731423","https://openalex.org/W4388483337","https://openalex.org/W4403537030","https://openalex.org/W6638575559","https://openalex.org/W6711940144","https://openalex.org/W6753091234","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6767260250","https://openalex.org/W6789279775","https://openalex.org/W6861636187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-task":[0],"learning":[1,65],"is":[2,161,170],"a":[3,45,89,101,110,138,165,192],"paradigm":[4],"that":[5,27,92,163],"leverages":[6],"information":[7,69],"from":[8],"related":[9],"tasks":[10],"to":[11,75],"improve":[12,76],"the":[13,25,51,56,68,77,124,144,150,177],"performance":[14],"of":[15,44,53,80,113,156,167,182],"machine":[16],"learning.":[17],"Self-Admitted":[18],"Technical":[19],"Debt":[20],"(SATD)":[21],"are":[22],"comments":[23],"in":[24,55],"code":[26,30,97],"indicate":[28,143],"not-quite-right":[29],"introduced":[31],"for":[32,116,146],"short-term":[33],"needs,":[34],"i.e.,":[35],"technical":[36,168,183],"debt":[37,169,184],"(TD).":[38],"Previous":[39],"research":[40],"has":[41],"provided":[42],"evidence":[43],"possible":[46,162],"relationship":[47,151,178],"between":[48,71,152,179],"SATD":[49,72,96],"and":[50,73,95,120,128,185,191],"existence":[52],"vulnerabilities":[54,74,187],"code.":[57,158],"In":[58],"this":[59,84],"work,":[60],"we":[61,86],"investigate":[62],"if":[63],"multi-task":[64,129],"could":[66],"leverage":[67],"shared":[70],"automatic":[78],"detection":[79],"these":[81,153],"issues.":[82],"To":[83],"aim,":[85],"implemented":[87],"VulSATD,":[88],"deep":[90],"learner":[91],"detects":[93],"vulnerable":[94],"based":[98],"on":[99,108],"CodeBERT,":[100],"pre-trained":[102],"transformers":[103],"model.":[104],"We":[105,122],"evaluated":[106],"VulSATD":[107],"MADE-WIC,":[109],"fused":[111],"dataset":[112],"functions":[114],"annotated":[115],"TD":[117],"(through":[118],"SATD)":[119],"vulnerability.":[121],"compared":[123],"results":[125],"using":[126],"single":[127],"approaches,":[130],"obtaining":[131],"no":[132],"significant":[133],"differences":[134],"even":[135],"after":[136],"employing":[137],"weighted":[139],"loss.":[140],"Our":[141],"findings":[142],"need":[145],"further":[147],"investigation":[148],"into":[149],"two":[154],"aspects":[155],"low-quality":[157],"Specifically,":[159],"it":[160],"only":[164],"subset":[166],"directly":[171],"associated":[172],"with":[173],"security":[174],"concerns.":[175],"Therefore,":[176],"different":[180],"types":[181],"software":[186],"deserves":[188],"future":[189],"exploration":[190],"deeper":[193],"understanding.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
