{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2472431292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2016.7503708","title":"Multistaging to understand: Distilling the essence of java code examples","display_name":"Multistaging to understand: Distilling the essence of java code examples","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2472431292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2016.7503708","mag":"2472431292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpc.2016.7503708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2016.7503708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090910753","display_name":"Huascar Sanchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3739-2443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huascar Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037589547","display_name":"Jim Whitehead","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-7330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Whitehead","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Cruz"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Cruz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005632259","display_name":"Martin Sch\u00e4f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6804-0178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Schaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090910753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89480654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8872077465057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.7329356670379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5928187370300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5682861804962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.5423828363418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5265914797782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5048002004623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.464758038520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.45437970757484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.45036670565605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebase","display_name":"Codebase","score":0.4304155111312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3975212872028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.3061639070510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.1651713252067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.15676862001419067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8872077465057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.7329356670379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5928187370300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5682861804962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.5423828363418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5265914797782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5048002004623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.464758038520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45437970757484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.45036670565605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51929080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2425187","display_name":"Codebase","level":3,"score":0.4304155111312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3975212872028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.3061639070510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.1651713252067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.15676862001419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpc.2016.7503708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2016.7503708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309018","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191554744","https://openalex.org/W205613869","https://openalex.org/W365771342","https://openalex.org/W1493315108","https://openalex.org/W1499020692","https://openalex.org/W1501367599","https://openalex.org/W1506397536","https://openalex.org/W1506975425","https://openalex.org/W1970565328","https://openalex.org/W1972206975","https://openalex.org/W1995436232","https://openalex.org/W2008149650","https://openalex.org/W2016681195","https://openalex.org/W2052592404","https://openalex.org/W2081009997","https://openalex.org/W2099857277","https://openalex.org/W2120183432","https://openalex.org/W2122060876","https://openalex.org/W2122401044","https://openalex.org/W2127833339","https://openalex.org/W2136296681","https://openalex.org/W2142848577","https://openalex.org/W2147070375","https://openalex.org/W2150601094","https://openalex.org/W2153365511","https://openalex.org/W2401967267","https://openalex.org/W3147133761","https://openalex.org/W4236192892","https://openalex.org/W6608322956","https://openalex.org/W6629779416","https://openalex.org/W6643579824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2344367508","https://openalex.org/W2986478207","https://openalex.org/W4312706861","https://openalex.org/W2969257295","https://openalex.org/W2098629748","https://openalex.org/W3006945192","https://openalex.org/W2904997879","https://openalex.org/W20188161","https://openalex.org/W3049398420","https://openalex.org/W656101134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programmers":[0],"commonly":[1],"search":[2],"the":[3,57,100,112,117,125,144],"Web":[4],"to":[5,25,32,42,51,91],"find":[6],"code":[7,36,103,109,126,131,157],"examples":[8,158],"that":[9,133],"can":[10,62,134],"help":[11],"them":[12],"solve":[13],"a":[14,34,53,76,87,108],"specific":[15],"programming":[16],"task.":[17],"While":[18],"some":[19],"novice":[20],"programmers":[21],"may":[22],"be":[23,135],"willing":[24],"spend":[26,43],"as":[27,30,44,47],"much":[28],"time":[29,46],"needed":[31],"understand":[33],"found":[35],"example,":[37],"more":[38],"experienced":[39],"ones":[40],"want":[41,50],"little":[45],"possible.":[48],"They":[49],"get":[52],"quick":[54],"overview":[55,70],"of":[56,102,107,116,147],"example's":[58,118],"operation,":[59],"so":[60],"they":[61],"start":[63],"working":[64],"with":[65],"it":[66],"immediately.":[67],"Getting":[68],"this":[69,83,95],"is":[71],"often":[72],"non-trivial":[73],"and":[74,78,150],"requires":[75],"tedious":[77],"manual":[79],"inspection":[80,96],"process.":[81],"In":[82],"paper,":[84],"we":[85],"introduce":[86],"technique":[88,122,149],"called":[89],"Multi-staging":[90],"Understand,":[92],"which":[93],"streamlines":[94],"process":[97],"by":[98],"distilling":[99],"essence":[101,106],"examples.":[104],"The":[105],"example":[110,129],"conveys":[111],"most":[113],"important":[114],"aspects":[115],"intended":[119],"function.":[120],"Our":[121],"automatically":[123],"decomposes":[124],"in":[127],"an":[128],"into":[130],"stages":[132],"explored":[136],"non-sequentially;":[137],"enabling":[138],"fast":[139],"exploratory":[140],"learning.":[141],"We":[142],"discuss":[143],"key":[145],"components":[146],"our":[148],"describe":[151],"empirical":[152],"results":[153],"based":[154],"on":[155,159],"actual":[156],"StackOverflow.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}