{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2463537704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2016.7503707","title":"Improving code readability models with textual features","display_name":"Improving code readability models with textual features","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2463537704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2016.7503707","mag":"2463537704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpc.2016.7503707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2016.7503707","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079406478","display_name":"Simone Scalabrino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1764-9685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129627893","display_name":"University of Molise","ror":"https://ror.org/04z08z627","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Scalabrino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Molise, Pesche, IS, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Molise, Pesche, IS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069439324","display_name":"Mario Linares\u2010V\u00e1squez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-2888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Linares-Vasquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041262116","display_name":"Denys Poshyvanyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-7586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denys Poshyvanyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009727039","display_name":"Rocco Oliveto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-8582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129627893","display_name":"University of Molise","ror":"https://ror.org/04z08z627","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rocco Oliveto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Molise, Pesche, IS, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Molise, Pesche, IS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"Readability","score":0.9561128616333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.842514157295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.781915009021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.7774477005004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.7746251821517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6487141251564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.536898136138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4848814904689789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.46909937262535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.4347427487373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4206297993659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundant-code","display_name":"Redundant code","score":0.4181227684020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3863871395587921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.34096890687942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.2411181926727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.21112856268882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.17780810594558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.16527578234672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09809839725494385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.9561128616333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.842514157295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.781915009021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.7774477005004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.7746251821517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6487141251564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.536898136138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4848814904689789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.46909937262535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4347427487373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4206297993659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151578736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251793","display_name":"Redundant code","level":4,"score":0.4181227684020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3863871395587921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.34096890687942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.2411181926727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.21112856268882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.17780810594558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.16527578234672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09809839725494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpc.2016.7503707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2016.7503707","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W561474568","https://openalex.org/W1612015840","https://openalex.org/W1673239900","https://openalex.org/W1707653742","https://openalex.org/W1903417059","https://openalex.org/W1964730672","https://openalex.org/W1967390364","https://openalex.org/W1967995512","https://openalex.org/W1982220412","https://openalex.org/W1990229061","https://openalex.org/W1991435895","https://openalex.org/W2010837018","https://openalex.org/W2030360178","https://openalex.org/W2043662475","https://openalex.org/W2077155146","https://openalex.org/W2080240407","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2096081771","https://openalex.org/W2099969795","https://openalex.org/W2103107119","https://openalex.org/W2113697305","https://openalex.org/W2115941721","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2122963002","https://openalex.org/W2123551785","https://openalex.org/W2128581098","https://openalex.org/W2128737833","https://openalex.org/W2138824333","https://openalex.org/W2148429572","https://openalex.org/W2150874999","https://openalex.org/W2151228786","https://openalex.org/W2152474046","https://openalex.org/W2156050524","https://openalex.org/W2159739762","https://openalex.org/W2164886519","https://openalex.org/W2247935162","https://openalex.org/W2330462388","https://openalex.org/W2338557708","https://openalex.org/W2340006107","https://openalex.org/W2495580237","https://openalex.org/W2504197999","https://openalex.org/W3021094736","https://openalex.org/W3141465105","https://openalex.org/W3149750418","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4386506836","https://openalex.org/W6676824224","https://openalex.org/W6679846933","https://openalex.org/W6682532159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008773848","https://openalex.org/W2066182606","https://openalex.org/W2136808032","https://openalex.org/W2883301371","https://openalex.org/W1976708233","https://openalex.org/W2460969868","https://openalex.org/W53653089","https://openalex.org/W2098192829","https://openalex.org/W2034209539","https://openalex.org/W3104152981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"reading":[1],"is":[2,16,30,72],"one":[3],"of":[4,34,58,67,76,89,104,126,157,175],"the":[5,86,114,135,160,176],"most":[6],"frequent":[7],"activities":[8],"in":[9,93,163],"software":[10,50],"maintenance;":[11],"before":[12],"implementing":[13],"changes,":[14],"it":[15],"necessary":[17],"to":[18,48,173],"fully":[19],"understand":[20],"source":[21,35,59,70,90],"code":[22,36,71,80,91,110,120,144,149],"often":[23],"written":[24],"by":[25,128],"other":[26],"developers.":[27],"Thus,":[28],"readability":[29,51,81,145,150,178],"a":[31,65,73,79,102,148,154,167],"crucial":[32],"aspect":[33],"that":[37,134],"may":[38],"significantly":[39,168],"influence":[40],"program":[41],"comprehension":[42],"effort.":[43],"In":[44,97],"general,":[45],"models":[46],"used":[47],"estimate":[49],"take":[52],"into":[53],"account":[54],"only":[55],"structural":[56,140],"aspects":[57,88],"code,":[60],"e.g.,":[61],"line":[62],"length":[63],"and":[64,95],"number":[66],"comments.":[68,96],"However,":[69],"particular":[74],"form":[75],"text;":[77],"therefore,":[78],"model":[82,151],"should":[83],"not":[84],"ignore":[85],"textual":[87,105,116],"encapsulated":[92],"identifiers":[94],"this":[98,164],"paper,":[99,165],"we":[100],"propose":[101],"set":[103,156],"features":[106,117,137,141],"aimed":[107],"at":[108],"measuring":[109],"readability.":[111],"We":[112],"evaluated":[113,123],"proposed":[115,136,162],"on":[118,153],"600":[119],"snippets":[121],"manually":[122],"(in":[124],"terms":[125],"readability)":[127],"5K+":[129],"people.":[130],"The":[131],"results":[132],"demonstrate":[133],"complement":[138],"classic":[139],"when":[142],"predicting":[143],"judgments.":[146],"Consequently,":[147],"based":[152],"richer":[155],"features,":[158],"including":[159],"ones":[161],"achieves":[166],"higher":[169],"accuracy":[170],"as":[171],"compared":[172],"all":[174],"state-of-the-art":[177],"models.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}