{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120377633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2012.6240486","title":"Program complexity metrics and programmer opinions","display_name":"Program complexity metrics and programmer opinions","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120377633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2012.6240486","mag":"2120377633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpc.2012.6240486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2012.6240486","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 20th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20544630","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002613300","display_name":"Bernhard Katzmarski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Katzmarski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, University of Brethemen, Bremen, Germany","Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, University of Brethemen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012031968","display_name":"Rainer Koschke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4094-3444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Koschke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, University of Brethemen, Bremen, Germany","Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, University of Brethemen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87124691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"17","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7844527959823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.7371923327445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7130561470985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.6525164842605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.6487852334976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5999734401702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.564302921295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.46805351972579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4491356611251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4198029041290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41975829005241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35198837518692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.314869225025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.26605552434921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.23904839158058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.20190313458442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2003021240234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14897939562797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09425142407417297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7844527959823608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.7371923327445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7130561470985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.6525164842605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.6487852334976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5999734401702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.564302921295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.46805351972579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4491356611251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4198029041290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41975829005241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35198837518692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.314869225025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.26605552434921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.23904839158058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.20190313458442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2003021240234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14897939562797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09425142407417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpc.2012.6240486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpc.2012.6240486","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 20th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20544630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20544630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20544631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20544631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20544630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20544630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157294606","https://openalex.org/W1505648523","https://openalex.org/W1570278163","https://openalex.org/W1585707634","https://openalex.org/W1899951507","https://openalex.org/W1905233674","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1973540172","https://openalex.org/W1974571153","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1978304215","https://openalex.org/W1979836908","https://openalex.org/W1981222135","https://openalex.org/W1989352377","https://openalex.org/W1995885068","https://openalex.org/W1998265754","https://openalex.org/W2009390220","https://openalex.org/W2018912833","https://openalex.org/W2019386815","https://openalex.org/W2034078727","https://openalex.org/W2034688095","https://openalex.org/W2043662475","https://openalex.org/W2046434103","https://openalex.org/W2058050886","https://openalex.org/W2058100898","https://openalex.org/W2064873664","https://openalex.org/W2066459581","https://openalex.org/W2072876092","https://openalex.org/W2082314767","https://openalex.org/W2095293223","https://openalex.org/W2100894766","https://openalex.org/W2100945416","https://openalex.org/W2108086273","https://openalex.org/W2112418035","https://openalex.org/W2113697305","https://openalex.org/W2118134906","https://openalex.org/W2120682255","https://openalex.org/W2122358298","https://openalex.org/W2122963002","https://openalex.org/W2124379907","https://openalex.org/W2128666163","https://openalex.org/W2134176539","https://openalex.org/W2135198476","https://openalex.org/W2140141476","https://openalex.org/W2148423957","https://openalex.org/W2151996389","https://openalex.org/W2152134143","https://openalex.org/W2158335989","https://openalex.org/W2158744032","https://openalex.org/W2159610968","https://openalex.org/W2159739762","https://openalex.org/W2160958420","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2170021941","https://openalex.org/W2245234613","https://openalex.org/W2802553787","https://openalex.org/W3141989311","https://openalex.org/W3193581842","https://openalex.org/W4210284068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120421136","https://openalex.org/W2889297400","https://openalex.org/W2061669391","https://openalex.org/W2142318497","https://openalex.org/W83593681","https://openalex.org/W156668154","https://openalex.org/W2117761936","https://openalex.org/W2039707599","https://openalex.org/W2038727832","https://openalex.org/W2494189957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"program":[1],"complexity":[2,57,82],"measures":[3,149],"have":[4,15,27],"been":[5,16],"proposed":[6],"to":[7,18,85,91,139],"assess":[8],"maintainability.":[9],"Only":[10],"relatively":[11],"few":[12,74,79],"empirical":[13,24],"studies":[14],"conducted":[17,29],"back":[19],"up":[20],"these":[21,140],"assessments":[22],"through":[23],"evidence.":[25],"Researchers":[26],"mostly":[28],"controlled":[30],"experiments":[31],"or":[32,42,117],"correlated":[33],"metrics":[34,54,75,89,134],"with":[35,56],"indirect":[36],"maintainability":[37],"indicators":[38],"such":[39,151],"as":[40,58,159],"defects":[41],"change":[43],"frequency.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"uses":[47],"a":[48,112,160],"different":[49],"approach.":[50],"We":[51,62],"investigate":[52],"whether":[53],"agree":[55],"perceived":[59],"by":[60],"programmers.":[61],"show":[63,110],"that,":[64],"first,":[65],"programmers'":[66],"opinions":[67],"are":[68,104],"quite":[69],"similar":[70,84,116,163],"and,":[71],"second,":[72],"only":[73,78,105],"and":[76,146],"in":[77],"cases":[80],"reproduce":[81],"rankings":[83],"human":[86],"raters.":[87],"Data-flow":[88],"seem":[90],"better":[92,120],"match":[93],"the":[94,128,132],"viewpoint":[95],"of":[96],"programmers":[97],"than":[98,122],"control-flow":[99],"metrics,":[100,125],"but":[101],"even":[102,119],"they":[103],"loosely":[106],"correlated.":[107],"Moreover":[108],"we":[109,142],"that":[111],"foolish":[113],"metric":[114],"has":[115],"sometimes":[118],"correlation":[121],"other":[123,133],"evaluated":[124],"which":[126],"raises":[127],"question":[129],"how":[130],"meaningful":[131],"really":[135],"are.":[136],"In":[137],"addition":[138],"results,":[141],"introduce":[143],"an":[144],"approach":[145,155],"associated":[147],"statistical":[148],"for":[150,162],"multi-rater":[152],"investigations.":[153],"Our":[154],"can":[156],"be":[157],"used":[158],"model":[161],"studies.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
