{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124163865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpads67057.2025.11322977","title":"LLaMed: An Efficient Adaptation Framework for Medical Large Language Models Based on Low-Rank Adaptation and Dynamic Evidence Retrieval","display_name":"LLaMed: An Efficient Adaptation Framework for Medical Large Language Models Based on Low-Rank Adaptation and Dynamic Evidence Retrieval","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124163865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpads67057.2025.11322977"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpads67057.2025.11322977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpads67057.2025.11322977","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 31th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118867877","display_name":"Weibin Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weibin Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Macau,Faculty of Data Science,Macau SAR,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Macau,Faculty of Data Science,Macau SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070020700","display_name":"Jinwei Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7780-7943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwei Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Macau,Faculty of Data Science,Macau SAR,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Macau,Faculty of Data Science,Macau SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089103553","display_name":"Chonglin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-2645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chonglin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Macau,Faculty of Data Science,Macau SAR,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Macau,Faculty of Data Science,Macau SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123040231","display_name":"Yunqing Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqing Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Macau,Faculty of Data Science,Macau SAR,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Macau,Faculty of Data Science,Macau SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123003005","display_name":"Yanrong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanrong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Macau,Faculty of Business,Macau SAR,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Macau,Faculty of Business,Macau SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045728006","display_name":"Wei Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-7328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Macau,Faculty of Data Science,Macau SAR,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Macau,Faculty of Data Science,Macau SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.6158000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.6158000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.20260000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.0617000013589859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.7328000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obsolescence","display_name":"Obsolescence","score":0.6342999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.47429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.36419999599456787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8145999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.7328000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30795975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282744","display_name":"Obsolescence","level":2,"score":0.6342999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4887000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.47429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985722590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical knowledge","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpads67057.2025.11322977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpads67057.2025.11322977","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 31th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2970482702","https://openalex.org/W4252076394","https://openalex.org/W4297253404","https://openalex.org/W4396955712","https://openalex.org/W4402670290","https://openalex.org/W4402853403","https://openalex.org/W4404622689","https://openalex.org/W4406152279","https://openalex.org/W4411120331","https://openalex.org/W4412945682"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,36],"medical":[2,49,91,139],"domain,":[3],"where":[4],"knowledge":[5,50,97],"evolves":[6],"rapidly":[7],"and":[8,28,43,64,96,122,137,155],"large":[9],"language":[10],"models":[11],"(LLMs)":[12],"demand":[13],"high":[14],"resources,":[15],"we":[16],"propose":[17],"LLaMed,":[18],"an":[19],"efficient":[20,138],"adaptation":[21,26],"framework":[22],"based":[23],"on":[24],"low-rank":[25],"(LoRA)":[27],"dynamic":[29,93],"evidence":[30,56],"retrieval.":[31],"Using":[32],"LLaMA-2":[33],"7B":[34],"as":[35],"base":[37],"model,":[38],"LLaMed":[39,102,141],"freezes":[40],"most":[41],"parameters":[42],"fine-tunes":[44],"only":[45],"0.1":[46],"%":[47,105,108,114,147],"for":[48,61,66,75],"injection.":[51],"It":[52],"features":[53],"a":[54,81],"dual-engine":[55],"augmentation":[57],"module":[58],"fusing":[59],"BM25":[60],"fast":[62],"recall":[63],"PubMedBERT":[65],"semantic":[67],"re-ranking,":[68],"with":[69,112],"real-time":[70,153],"API":[71],"integration":[72],"(e.g.,":[73],"ClinicalTrials.gov)":[74],"timely":[76],"updates.":[77],"Additionally,":[78],"it":[79],"pioneers":[80],"PPObased":[82],"adaptive":[83],"feedback":[84],"mechanism-the":[85],"first":[86],"expert-driven":[87],"reinforcement":[88],"learning":[89],"in":[90,143],"RAG-for":[92],"output":[94],"calibration":[95],"obsolescence":[98],"prevention.":[99],"On":[100],"MedQAUSMLE,":[101],"achieves":[103],"68.2":[104],"accuracy":[106],"(1.6":[107],"below":[109],"full":[110],"fine-tuning)":[111],"89":[113],"reduced":[115],"VRAM":[116],"(15.7":[117],"GB":[118],"vs.":[119,148],"192.1":[120],"GB)":[121],"expert":[123],"consistency":[124],"<tex":[125,149],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[126,150],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathbf{K}":[127],"\\boldsymbol{=}":[128],"\\mathbf{0.":[129],"8":[130],"5}$</tex>.":[131],"Compared":[132],"to":[133],"methods":[134],"like":[135],"MedCoTRAG":[136],"LLMs,":[140],"excels":[142],"parameter":[144],"efficiency":[145],"(0.1":[146],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$3-100":[151],"\\%$</tex>),":[152],"capability,":[154],"robustness,":[156],"supporting":[157],"resource-constrained":[158],"clinical":[159],"decisions.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-01-15T00:00:00"}
