{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116530378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpads.2007.4447753","title":"Novel critical-path based low-energy scheduling algorithms for heterogeneous multiprocessor real-time embedded systems","display_name":"Novel critical-path based low-energy scheduling algorithms for heterogeneous multiprocessor real-time embedded systems","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116530378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpads.2007.4447753","mag":"2116530378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpads.2007.4447753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpads.2007.4447753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006721216","display_name":"Yanhong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7349-5871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070594442","display_name":"Bharadwaj Veeravalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-1813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Veeravalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019502700","display_name":"Siva Viswanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-0746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Viswanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Embedded Systems Department, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems Department, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6321,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64336416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8403087854385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-priority-scheduling","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","score":0.7137251496315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiprocessing","display_name":"Multiprocessing","score":0.6888370513916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6127976179122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fair-share-scheduling","display_name":"Fair-share scheduling","score":0.589491605758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5837982892990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-monotonic-scheduling","display_name":"Rate-monotonic scheduling","score":0.5733354687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiprocessor-scheduling","display_name":"Multiprocessor scheduling","score":0.5720582008361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5603334903717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5544876456260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earliest-deadline-first-scheduling","display_name":"Earliest deadline first scheduling","score":0.5451377034187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-path-method","display_name":"Critical path method","score":0.5395511984825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-priority-pre-emptive-scheduling","display_name":"Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling","score":0.5233975052833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-slack-time-scheduling","display_name":"Least slack time scheduling","score":0.5031842589378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-level-scheduling","display_name":"Two-level scheduling","score":0.490045428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40334606170654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.15186509490013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09531351923942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07113349437713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.06715750694274902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8403087854385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.7137251496315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4822641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846651","display_name":"Multiprocessing","level":2,"score":0.6888370513916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6127976179122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31689143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733809","display_name":"Fair-share scheduling","level":3,"score":0.589491605758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5837982892990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127456818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238879","display_name":"Rate-monotonic scheduling","level":4,"score":0.5733354687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85924588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107419135","display_name":"Multiprocessor scheduling","level":5,"score":0.5720582008361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5603334903717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5544876456260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32310161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666365","display_name":"Earliest deadline first scheduling","level":5,"score":0.5451377034187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115874739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825377","display_name":"Critical path method","level":2,"score":0.5395511984825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122141398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456330","display_name":"Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling","level":5,"score":0.5233975052833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132439773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1810747","display_name":"Least slack time scheduling","level":5,"score":0.5031842589378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119948110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7858726","display_name":"Two-level scheduling","level":4,"score":0.490045428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40334606170654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.15186509490013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09531351923942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07113349437713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.06715750694274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icpads.2007.4447753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icpads.2007.4447753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/71176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/71176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525247584","https://openalex.org/W1525641234","https://openalex.org/W1900977690","https://openalex.org/W2005456951","https://openalex.org/W2011024076","https://openalex.org/W2062984764","https://openalex.org/W2078308569","https://openalex.org/W2099961254","https://openalex.org/W2104865575","https://openalex.org/W2109093878","https://openalex.org/W2128991755","https://openalex.org/W2132894604","https://openalex.org/W2141799278","https://openalex.org/W2142386205","https://openalex.org/W2146039663","https://openalex.org/W2148215864","https://openalex.org/W2167625280","https://openalex.org/W4235090510","https://openalex.org/W4238552415","https://openalex.org/W4250661686","https://openalex.org/W6631471275","https://openalex.org/W6675879844","https://openalex.org/W6676281777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2245286458","https://openalex.org/W2900578853","https://openalex.org/W2172075652","https://openalex.org/W2050732033","https://openalex.org/W1196991529","https://openalex.org/W2183981361","https://openalex.org/W3110516039","https://openalex.org/W2063943041","https://openalex.org/W2011697916","https://openalex.org/W4214866877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4,34],"novel":[5,36],"low-energy":[6],"static":[7,74,95],"and":[8,28,65],"dynamic":[9,69,113],"scheduling":[10,70,75,96,114,139],"algorithms":[11],"with":[12,26,105,135],"low":[13],"computational":[14,103,126],"complexities,":[15],"for":[16],"heterogeneous":[17,137],"multiprocessor":[18,138],"real-time":[19],"embedded":[20],"systems.":[21],"We":[22,33],"consider":[23],"task":[24],"graphs":[25],"deadlines":[27],"precedence":[29,64],"relationships":[30],"to":[31,39,49,118],"satisfy.":[32],"a":[35],"scheme,":[37],"referred":[38],"as":[40],"\u201ccritical-path":[41],"information":[42],"track-and":[43],"update\u201d,":[44],"based":[45,79],"on":[46,80],"critical-path":[47],"analysis":[48],"distribute":[50],"the":[51,63,73,81,93,102,112,125],"slack-time":[52],"over":[53],"tasks":[54],"such":[55],"that":[56,92],"energy":[57,109,121],"consumption":[58],"is":[59],"minimized,":[60],"while":[61,123],"guaranteeing":[62],"timing":[66],"constraints.":[67],"Our":[68,88],"algorithm":[71,76,97,115],"applies":[72],"during":[77],"runtime":[78],"updated":[82],"average-case":[83],"execution":[84],"demands":[85],"of":[86,101],"tasks.":[87],"simulation":[89],"results":[90],"show":[91],"proposed":[94],"consumes":[98],"only":[99],"2%":[100],"time":[104,127],"no":[106],"degradation":[107],"in":[108],"savings,":[110],"whereas":[111],"delivers":[116],"up":[117],"25%":[119],"more":[120,130],"savings":[122],"reducing":[124],"overhead":[128],"by":[129],"than":[131],"90%,":[132],"when":[133],"compared":[134],"recent":[136],"algorithms.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}