{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921692863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icosc.2019.8665529","title":"Unsupervised Quality Estimation Without Reference Corpus for Subtitle Machine Translation Using Word Embeddings","display_name":"Unsupervised Quality Estimation Without Reference Corpus for Subtitle Machine Translation Using Word Embeddings","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921692863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icosc.2019.8665529","mag":"2921692863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icosc.2019.8665529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icosc.2019.8665529","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 13th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045304075","display_name":"Prabhakar Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4841-8954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabhakar Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041549976","display_name":"Shaktisingh Shekhawat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaktisingh Shekhawat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108654378","display_name":"Keshav Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshav Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69946898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"32","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8669713735580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.8209932446479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-corpora","display_name":"Parallel corpora","score":0.7812760472297668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7548620700836182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtitle","display_name":"Subtitle","score":0.7470218539237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.703644335269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6746222376823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6563324332237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.5456141233444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5365126132965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.5305358171463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.46772706508636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-of-machine-translation","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","score":0.461407333612442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-corpus","display_name":"Text corpus","score":0.43948161602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substitution","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","score":0.4310655891895294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-software-usability","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","score":0.3170982599258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17570540308952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.062451571226119995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8669713735580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8209932446479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985367798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1346592","display_name":"Parallel corpora","level":3,"score":0.7812760472297668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7548620700836182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780364048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204028","display_name":"Subtitle","level":2,"score":0.7470218539237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.703644335269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6746222376823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6563324332237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.5456141233444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5365126132965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.5305358171463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46772706508636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135784402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6958279","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","level":5,"score":0.461407333612442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2474386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461183","display_name":"Text corpus","level":2,"score":0.43948161602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4310655891895294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148526163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723733","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","level":4,"score":0.3170982599258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17570540308952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.062451571226119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icosc.2019.8665529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icosc.2019.8665529","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 13th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W2057069782","https://openalex.org/W2078861931","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2123301721","https://openalex.org/W2149327368","https://openalex.org/W2186839874","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2250830017","https://openalex.org/W2340614362","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2578868202","https://openalex.org/W2594021297","https://openalex.org/W2606833507","https://openalex.org/W2740132093","https://openalex.org/W2765650793","https://openalex.org/W2778814079","https://openalex.org/W2787849037","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2952190837","https://openalex.org/W2963118869","https://openalex.org/W2963602293","https://openalex.org/W3082674894","https://openalex.org/W4298393544","https://openalex.org/W4299579390","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6678262379","https://openalex.org/W6732738677","https://openalex.org/W6734787708","https://openalex.org/W6744957266","https://openalex.org/W6745388339","https://openalex.org/W6746857927","https://openalex.org/W6748123540","https://openalex.org/W6898505805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204448004","https://openalex.org/W2122287718","https://openalex.org/W2740094425","https://openalex.org/W2753600765","https://openalex.org/W2587602790","https://openalex.org/W2566847733","https://openalex.org/W193726211","https://openalex.org/W3196981096","https://openalex.org/W2109153187","https://openalex.org/W2585971314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,29,59],"demonstrate":[1],"the":[2],"potential":[3],"for":[4,22,46],"using":[5],"aligned":[6],"bilingual":[7],"word":[8],"embeddings":[9],"to":[10,15,74,84],"create":[11],"an":[12],"unsupervised":[13],"method":[14,65],"evaluate":[16],"machine":[17,86],"translations":[18],"without":[19],"a":[20,61],"need":[21],"parallel":[23],"translation":[24,76],"corpus":[25],"or":[26],"reference":[27],"corpus.":[28],"explain":[30],"why":[31],"movie":[32],"subtitles":[33],"differ":[34],"from":[35],"other":[36],"text":[37],"and":[38,53,72,78],"share":[39],"our":[40],"experimental":[41],"results":[42],"conducted":[43],"on":[44],"them":[45],"four":[47],"target":[48],"languages":[49],"(French,":[50],"German,":[51],"Portuguese":[52],"Spanish)":[54],"with":[55],"English":[56],"source":[57],"subtitles.":[58],"propose":[60],"novel":[62],"automated":[63],"evaluation":[64],"of":[66],"calculating":[67],"edits":[68],"(insertion,":[69],"deletion,":[70],"substitution":[71],"shifts)":[73],"indicate":[75],"quality":[77],"human":[79],"aided":[80],"post":[81],"edit":[82],"requirements":[83],"perfect":[85],"translation.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
