{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412352938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062961","title":"Development of an Affordable Self-Stretching Passive Device for Treatment and Assessment of Spastic Wrist and Fingers Post-Stroke","display_name":"Development of an Affordable Self-Stretching Passive Device for Treatment and Assessment of Spastic Wrist and Fingers Post-Stroke","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412352938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062961","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40644246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference On Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12861169/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022453524","display_name":"Jacob Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123128","display_name":"Center for Neurosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5vk392","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123128"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania,Neuroscience"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania,Neuroscience","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041046516","display_name":"Reem Azar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reem Azar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania,Bioengineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania,Bioengineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110687214","display_name":"N.-H. Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nova Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania,Bioengineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania,Bioengineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103269230","display_name":"Michelle J. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2213-310X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle J. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23528912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":null,"first_page":"1479","last_page":"1484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10630","display_name":"Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrist","display_name":"Wrist","score":0.71124267578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.5890322923660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spastic","display_name":"Spastic","score":0.5540826320648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.3458941578865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34293076395988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2823165953159332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-palsy","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","score":0.06670626997947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.05741479992866516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706","display_name":"Wrist","level":2,"score":0.71124267578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5890322923660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776195251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7573993","display_name":"Spastic","level":3,"score":0.5540826320648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3458941578865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34293076395988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2823165953159332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","level":2,"score":0.06670626997947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.05741479992866516}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014953","descriptor_name":"Wrist","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014953","descriptor_name":"Wrist","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014953","descriptor_name":"Wrist","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014953","descriptor_name":"Wrist","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014953","descriptor_name":"Wrist","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference On Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40644246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40644246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11668777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12861169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12861169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12861169/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12861169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12861169/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3953345872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF 24-563,T32AR007132-48","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500661279","https://openalex.org/W1985557169","https://openalex.org/W2091791581","https://openalex.org/W2522141709","https://openalex.org/W2886291044","https://openalex.org/W2889588384","https://openalex.org/W2910175253","https://openalex.org/W2913853302","https://openalex.org/W2954330968","https://openalex.org/W2959725268","https://openalex.org/W4304776298","https://openalex.org/W4377043829","https://openalex.org/W4387308380","https://openalex.org/W4390268589","https://openalex.org/W4396625766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2406926056","https://openalex.org/W110334421","https://openalex.org/W2048493693","https://openalex.org/W2559360246","https://openalex.org/W1996668300","https://openalex.org/W2170071336","https://openalex.org/W2013246180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stroke,":[0],"a":[1,21,68,90,112,118,196],"condition":[2,22],"in":[3,23,126],"which":[4,24],"blood":[5],"flow":[6],"has":[7,15],"been":[8,16],"restricted":[9],"to":[10,18,40,64,123,148,179,200,207,229],"parts":[11],"of":[12,33,46,60,99,120,128,140,161,164,172,175,183],"the":[13,25,34,44,85,100,141,153,159,176,203,210,216,234],"brain,":[14],"known":[17],"cause":[19],"spasticity,":[20],"muscles":[26],"abnormally":[27],"tense":[28],"up":[29],"through":[30,215,233],"an":[31,76,94],"overactivation":[32],"stretch":[35],"reflex.":[36],"One":[37],"low-cost":[38],"solution":[39],"this":[41,61],"problem":[42],"is":[43],"use":[45],"self-operated":[47],"passive":[48],"stretching":[49,88],"devices":[50],"that":[51,157,202,222],"can":[52],"be":[53,180],"operated":[54],"with":[55,84,117,195],"minimal":[56],"assistance.":[57],"The":[58,80],"goal":[59],"project":[62],"was":[63,82,115,193,205,226],"develop":[65],"and":[66,72,93,107,137,170,213,218,221],"evaluate":[67],"new":[69],"self-stretching":[70],"wrist":[71,211],"finger":[73],"device":[74,81,101,138,173,186,204],"using":[75],"iterative":[77],"design":[78,144],"cycle.":[79],"designed":[83],"following":[86],"two":[87],"mechanisms:":[89],"rotating":[91],"dial":[92],"inflatable":[95],"grip.":[96],"Three":[97],"stages":[98],"prototypes":[102],"were":[103,146],"developed:":[104],"early,":[105],"late,":[106],"final.":[108],"After":[109],"each":[110,223],"stage,":[111],"usability":[113],"survey":[114],"conducted":[116],"group":[119,225],"healthy":[121,197],"controls":[122],"rate":[124],"0-10":[125],"criteria":[127],"overall":[129,185],"comfort,":[130],"unexpected":[131],"pain,":[132,162],"upper":[133,166],"arm":[134,167,177],"muscle":[135,168,224],"tension,":[136,169],"security":[139,174],"arm.":[142],"After,":[143],"changes":[145],"made":[147],"address":[149],"common":[150],"feedback.":[151],"In":[152,188],"end,":[154],"we":[155],"saw":[156],"prioritizing":[158],"reduction":[160],"decrease":[163],"unnecessary":[165],"increase":[171],"proved":[178],"valuable":[181],"measures":[182],"increasing":[184],"comfort.":[187],"addition,":[189],"electromyography":[190],"(EMG)":[191],"data":[192],"collected":[194],"control":[198],"subject":[199],"verify":[201],"able":[206],"properly":[208,228],"initiate":[209],"flexors":[212],"extensors":[214],"flexion":[217],"extension":[219],"movement,":[220],"isolated":[227],"their":[230],"respective":[231],"movements":[232],"device.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}