{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412346948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062940","title":"Mapping the Neural Control of Force and Impedance of Wrist Movements Using Robotics and fMRI","display_name":"Mapping the Neural Control of Force and Impedance of Wrist Movements Using Robotics and fMRI","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412346948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062940","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40644265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062940","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference On Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035612635","display_name":"Kristin Schmidt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristin Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware,Human Robotics Laboratory,Department of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering,Newark,DE,USA,19713"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware,Human Robotics Laboratory,Department of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering,Newark,DE,USA,19713","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108269379","display_name":"Fabrizio Sergi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Sergi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware,Human Robotics Laboratory,Department of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering,Newark,DE,USA,19713"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware,Human Robotics Laboratory,Department of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering,Newark,DE,USA,19713","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13894594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":null,"first_page":"1154","last_page":"1159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrist","display_name":"Wrist","score":0.7151258587837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.6397377848625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6350933313369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5527042746543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-control","display_name":"Impedance control","score":0.4851704239845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-control","display_name":"Movement control","score":0.437425434589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4205893576145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3985973298549652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.36234211921691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.2971814274787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12814515829086304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706","display_name":"Wrist","level":2,"score":0.7151258587837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.6397377848625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6350933313369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5527042746543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098134","display_name":"Impedance control","level":3,"score":0.4851704239845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019108329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751327","display_name":"Movement control","level":2,"score":0.437425434589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4205893576145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3985973298549652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.36234211921691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.2971814274787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12814515829086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014953","descriptor_name":"Wrist","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014953","descriptor_name":"Wrist","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr66766.2025.11062940","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference On Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40644265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40644265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4628377275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"194712","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007729962","https://openalex.org/W2052816647","https://openalex.org/W2070510586","https://openalex.org/W2070601157","https://openalex.org/W2080487795","https://openalex.org/W2094227067","https://openalex.org/W2101135654","https://openalex.org/W2115730616","https://openalex.org/W2158589239","https://openalex.org/W2556623269","https://openalex.org/W2558610067","https://openalex.org/W2795118240","https://openalex.org/W2899135596","https://openalex.org/W3165400847","https://openalex.org/W3170616235","https://openalex.org/W4321021994","https://openalex.org/W4361215694","https://openalex.org/W4403675037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406926056","https://openalex.org/W110334421","https://openalex.org/W2048493693","https://openalex.org/W2559360246","https://openalex.org/W1996668300","https://openalex.org/W2170071336","https://openalex.org/W2013246180","https://openalex.org/W1974560287","https://openalex.org/W4226140812","https://openalex.org/W2735375504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"robots":[1],"are":[2],"becoming":[3],"increasingly":[4],"valuable":[5],"tools":[6],"in":[7,22],"neurorehabilitation,":[8],"our":[9],"limited":[10],"understanding":[11],"of":[12,34,75,163,181,186],"the":[13,57,72,154,169,178,184],"brain's":[14],"response":[15],"during":[16,84,109,157],"human-robot":[17],"interaction":[18],"tasks":[19],"restricts":[20],"advancements":[21],"training":[23],"programs":[24],"to":[25,139],"restore":[26],"neural":[27,58,73,179],"pathways":[28],"after":[29],"injury.":[30],"Co-contraction":[31],"is":[32,46],"characteristic":[33],"several":[35],"neuromuscular":[36],"disorders,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"stroke":[40],"and":[41,44,134,143,165],"cerebral":[42],"palsy,":[43],"it":[45],"often":[47],"targeted":[48],"by":[49],"assessments":[50],"or":[51],"rehabilitation":[52],"programs.":[53],"Despite":[54],"its":[55],"importance,":[56],"mechanisms":[59,180],"underlying":[60],"cocontraction":[61],"remain":[62],"poorly":[63],"understood.":[64],"To":[65,94],"address":[66],"this":[67,69,147],"gap,":[68],"study":[70,105],"investigates":[71],"substrates":[74],"muscle":[76,107],"co-contraction":[77],"via":[78],"functional":[79],"magnetic":[80],"resonance":[81],"imaging":[82],"(fMRI)":[83],"a":[85,103,110,119],"dynamic":[86],"motor":[87],"task":[88,112,156],"with":[89,113],"an":[90],"MR-compatible":[91],"wrist":[92],"robot.":[93],"establish":[95],"suitable":[96],"fMRI":[97],"experimental":[98],"conditions,":[99],"we":[100],"first":[101],"conducted":[102],"behavioral":[104,148],"assessing":[106],"activity":[108],"wrist-pointing":[111,155],"four":[114,123],"participants.":[115],"Participants":[116],"reached":[117],"toward":[118],"target":[120],"while":[121],"experiencing":[122],"main":[124],"perturbation":[125],"conditions":[126],"(no":[127],"force,":[128,130],"divergent":[129],"constant":[131,135],"force":[132,136,142,164],"up,":[133],"down),":[137],"designed":[138],"elicit":[140],"distinct":[141],"impedance":[144,166],"responses.":[145],"Following":[146],"validation,":[149],"five":[150],"additional":[151],"participants":[152],"performed":[153],"fMRI.":[158],"Our":[159],"results":[160],"suggest":[161],"localization":[162],"control":[167],"within":[168],"cortico-thalamic-cerebellar":[170],"network.":[171],"These":[172],"findings":[173],"provide":[174],"new":[175],"insights":[176],"into":[177],"co-contraction,":[182],"supporting":[183],"development":[185],"neurorehabilitation":[187],"paradigms.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}