{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2966314872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2019.8779490","title":"Passive Stiffness Reduction in Human Ankle Joint Mechanical Impedance When Exposed to Externally Imposed Movement","display_name":"Passive Stiffness Reduction in Human Ankle Joint Mechanical Impedance When Exposed to Externally Imposed Movement","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2966314872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2019.8779490","mag":"2966314872","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31374618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icorr.2019.8779490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2019.8779490","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103862702","display_name":"Li Zhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075910975","display_name":"Elliott J. Rouse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-1527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324242722","display_name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab","ror":"https://ror.org/02ja0m249","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324242722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elliott J. Rouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurobionics Laboratory,Center for Bionic Medicine, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurobionics Laboratory,Center for Bionic Medicine, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324242722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002925486","display_name":"Timothy Reissman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-6632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Reissman","raw_affiliation_strings":["EMPOWER Laboratory, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EMPOWER Laboratory, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07865406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"127","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.7164034843444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6475287675857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-impedance","display_name":"Mechanical impedance","score":0.6316115856170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.6290512084960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.6123356819152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.6114157438278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isometric-exercise","display_name":"Isometric exercise","score":0.58388751745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5369901657104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5203206539154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomechanics","display_name":"Biomechanics","score":0.4468371868133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.425525039434433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.41071683168411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-resistance","display_name":"Passive resistance","score":0.41011035442352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.3829113841056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.282115638256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28034499287605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27064698934555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25846540927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.25666022300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2517164945602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.1123238205909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.085010826587677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.7164034843444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6475287675857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6421317","display_name":"Mechanical impedance","level":3,"score":0.6316115856170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.6290512084960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.6123356819152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.6114157438278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103486182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216236","display_name":"Isometric exercise","level":2,"score":0.58388751745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5369901657104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5203206539154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.4468371868133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.425525039434433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.41071683168411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993787208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754479","display_name":"Passive resistance","level":3,"score":0.41011035442352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.3829113841056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.282115638256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28034499287605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27064698934555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25846540927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25666022300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2517164945602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.1123238205909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.085010826587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icorr.2019.8779490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2019.8779490","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:31374618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31374618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979403351","https://openalex.org/W1994661992","https://openalex.org/W2009493254","https://openalex.org/W2013047850","https://openalex.org/W2033969256","https://openalex.org/W2074541923","https://openalex.org/W2075442608","https://openalex.org/W2099683979","https://openalex.org/W2100792856","https://openalex.org/W2117790407","https://openalex.org/W2121662396","https://openalex.org/W2254685193","https://openalex.org/W2700163520","https://openalex.org/W2756812675","https://openalex.org/W4249099723","https://openalex.org/W6691757605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901258812","https://openalex.org/W2887985348","https://openalex.org/W2401700601","https://openalex.org/W2570835373","https://openalex.org/W3198063775","https://openalex.org/W2557545276","https://openalex.org/W4387054232","https://openalex.org/W2590554196","https://openalex.org/W2098905871","https://openalex.org/W2966314872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exoskeleton":[0],"design":[1],"is":[2,149],"based":[3],"on":[4],"achieving":[5],"representative":[6],"torques":[7],"for":[8,15,25,69,121,200],"both":[9],"active":[10,55],"and":[11,113,124,189,197,210],"passive":[12,71,103,135,180,201],"joint":[13,72,104],"mechanics":[14,188],"a":[16,107,128,170],"given":[17],"task.":[18],"The":[19,58,115],"latter":[20],"has":[21],"been":[22],"typically":[23],"estimated":[24],"static":[26,92,145],"postures":[27,47],"during":[28,42,54,82,140,203],"relaxed":[29,83],"muscle":[30,56,84,187],"activity.":[31,57],"However,":[32],"some":[33],"studies":[34],"have":[35,48],"shown":[36],"that":[37,151],"differences":[38,120],"in":[39,50,133,155,207],"the":[40,67,70,75,79,102,122,134,152,159,163],"estimates":[41,53,68,199],"voluntary":[43],"motion":[44,167],"versus":[45],"isometric":[46],"resulted":[49],"lower":[51,195],"impedance":[52,73,105],"objective":[59],"of":[60,74,158],"this":[61],"study":[62],"was":[63,138],"to":[64,100,130,144,162,173,191,215],"determine":[65],"if":[66],"human":[76],"ankle":[77],"exhibited":[78],"same":[80],"reduction":[81,132],"states":[85],"with":[86,110],"an":[87],"externally":[88,165],"imposed":[89,166,204],"movement":[90,141],"over":[91],"posture":[93,146],"estimates.":[94,147,177],"System":[95],"identification":[96],"techniques":[97],"were":[98],"used":[99],"analyze":[101],"as":[106],"second-order":[108],"model":[109],"inertia,":[111],"damping,":[112],"stiffness.":[114],"experimental":[116],"results":[117],"showed":[118],"little":[119],"inertia":[123],"damping":[125],"coefficients;":[126],"however,":[127],"10":[129],"34%":[131],"stiffness":[136,181],"estimate":[137],"observed":[139],"when":[142],"compared":[143],"It":[148],"postulated":[150],"22%":[153],"increase":[154],"angular":[156],"velocity":[157],"perturbations":[160],"due":[161],"superimposed":[164],"may":[168],"be":[169],"contributing":[171],"factor":[172],"these":[174],"statistically":[175],"different":[176],"This":[178],"reduced":[179],"yields":[182],"possibly":[183],"new":[184],"insights":[185],"into":[186],"applications":[190],"exoskeleton":[192],"design.":[193],"With":[194],"torque":[196],"power":[198],"resistance":[202],"movement,":[205],"reductions":[206],"motor":[208],"sizing":[209],"inertial":[211],"effects":[212],"could":[213],"lead":[214],"improved":[216],"overall":[217],"performance.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}