{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2547340572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconac.2016.7604931","title":"Wood defects classification using GLCM based features and PSO trained neural network","display_name":"Wood defects classification using GLCM based features and PSO trained neural network","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2547340572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconac.2016.7604931","mag":"2547340572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iconac.2016.7604931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconac.2016.7604931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 22nd International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113085327","display_name":"R. Qayyum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Qayyum","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110109791","display_name":"K. Kamal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051259834","display_name":"Tayyab Zafar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012240532","display_name":"Senthan Mathavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-2874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Mathavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nortingham Trent University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nortingham Trent University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113085327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0892,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88720878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"273","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7797143459320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7717599868774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7107529640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.6860696077346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6742006540298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5545154809951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.43011274933815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3087928593158722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22108778357505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.09344461560249329}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7797143459320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7717599868774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7107529640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.6860696077346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6742006540298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5545154809951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.43011274933815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3087928593158722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22108778357505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.09344461560249329}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iconac.2016.7604931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iconac.2016.7604931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 22nd International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irep.ntu.ac.uk:31943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/31943/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400559","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","host_organization_name":"Nottingham Trent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60298037","https://openalex.org/W1655961872","https://openalex.org/W1927678540","https://openalex.org/W1995852018","https://openalex.org/W2083405762","https://openalex.org/W2541438111","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602435033","https://openalex.org/W6636879269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115072676","https://openalex.org/W2357447513","https://openalex.org/W4311212821","https://openalex.org/W1529660427","https://openalex.org/W2378845890","https://openalex.org/W2102065768","https://openalex.org/W4390752998","https://openalex.org/W2158578859","https://openalex.org/W2358123629","https://openalex.org/W4391020207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"vision":[1],"based":[2,38],"inspection":[3],"system":[4],"are":[5],"in":[6],"great":[7],"focus":[8],"nowadays":[9],"for":[10,20,26,76,89],"quality":[11],"control":[12],"applications.":[13],"The":[14,30,74,92],"paper":[15],"presents":[16],"a":[17,41,59,71,103],"novel":[18],"approach":[19],"classification":[21],"of":[22],"wood":[23,65,100],"knot":[24],"defects":[25,101],"an":[27],"automated":[28],"inspection.":[29],"proposed":[31,93],"technique":[32,94],"utilizes":[33],"gray":[34],"level":[35],"co-occurrence":[36],"matrix":[37],"features":[39],"and":[40,84],"particle":[42],"swarm":[43],"optimization":[44],"trained":[45,105],"feedforward":[46,60],"neural":[47,61,106],"network.":[48,107],"It":[49],"takes":[50],"contrast,":[51],"correlation,":[52],"energy,":[53],"homogeneity":[54],"as":[55,70],"input":[56],"parameters":[57],"to":[58,63,81,98],"network":[62],"predict":[64],"defects.":[66],"PSO":[67,104],"is":[68,79,87],"used":[69],"learning":[72],"algorithm.":[73],"MSE":[75],"training":[77],"data":[78],"found":[80],"be":[82],"0.3483":[83],"78.26%":[85],"accuracy":[86],"achieved":[88],"testing":[90],"data.":[91],"shows":[95],"promising":[96],"results":[97],"classify":[99],"using":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}