{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210493470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icoin53446.2022.9687165","title":"TMorph: A Traffic Morphing Framework to Test Network Defenses Against Adversarial Attacks","display_name":"TMorph: A Traffic Morphing Framework to Test Network Defenses Against Adversarial Attacks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210493470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icoin53446.2022.9687165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icoin53446.2022.9687165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icoin53446.2022.9687165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608592","display_name":"2022 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100562232","display_name":"Zhenning Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenning Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Guelph, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Guelph, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103029246","display_name":"Hassan Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-5920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Guelph, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Guelph, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077280489","display_name":"Radu Mure\u015fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9762-8966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radu Muresan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Guelph, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Guelph, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100562232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0799,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70912125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"18","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8042839169502258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6396898627281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.6353784203529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5583516955375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5433614253997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-shaping","display_name":"Traffic shaping","score":0.5347005724906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphing","display_name":"Morphing","score":0.4918198883533478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.4840087592601776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evasion","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","score":0.4686296284198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46718505024909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.4488884210586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3167315721511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-control","display_name":"Network traffic control","score":0.29957863688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.2550531029701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12653964757919312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11969378590583801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8042839169502258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6396898627281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.6353784203529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5583516955375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5433614253997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46451311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262550","display_name":"Traffic shaping","level":4,"score":0.5347005724906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.4918198883533478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.4840087592601776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781251061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416089","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","level":3,"score":0.4686296284198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46718505024909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.4488884210586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3167315721511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201100257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393287","display_name":"Network traffic control","level":3,"score":0.29957863688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.2550531029701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12653964757919312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11969378590583801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icoin53446.2022.9687165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icoin53446.2022.9687165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608592","display_name":"2022 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1467762138","https://openalex.org/W1509130105","https://openalex.org/W1526098320","https://openalex.org/W1527646163","https://openalex.org/W1981790149","https://openalex.org/W1985776777","https://openalex.org/W1985902740","https://openalex.org/W1985987493","https://openalex.org/W2019821286","https://openalex.org/W2050282514","https://openalex.org/W2083778379","https://openalex.org/W2113030600","https://openalex.org/W2141175718","https://openalex.org/W2146211060","https://openalex.org/W2183186609","https://openalex.org/W2242737648","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2743556905","https://openalex.org/W2795033129","https://openalex.org/W2897256107","https://openalex.org/W2904060752","https://openalex.org/W2912856897","https://openalex.org/W2924689635","https://openalex.org/W2963467671","https://openalex.org/W2963539830","https://openalex.org/W2990788608","https://openalex.org/W3012262239","https://openalex.org/W3012462418","https://openalex.org/W3025787173","https://openalex.org/W3106835446","https://openalex.org/W3119524937","https://openalex.org/W4251518401","https://openalex.org/W4288079251","https://openalex.org/W4298155166","https://openalex.org/W6628647653","https://openalex.org/W6628922834","https://openalex.org/W6630590000","https://openalex.org/W6631774061","https://openalex.org/W6631843488","https://openalex.org/W6655217437","https://openalex.org/W6681015208","https://openalex.org/W6681652963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294483539","https://openalex.org/W1679315481","https://openalex.org/W3151495635","https://openalex.org/W4385170164","https://openalex.org/W2378449000","https://openalex.org/W3088492727","https://openalex.org/W3115123383","https://openalex.org/W2470029541","https://openalex.org/W2470502009","https://openalex.org/W2808801180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increase":[1,19],"in":[2,14,21,27,64],"the":[3,7,181],"Internet":[4],"connectivity":[5],"and":[6,37,52,84,89,117,119,132,149,152,174,187],"adoption":[8],"of":[9,96,101,115,139],"network-based":[10],"services":[11],"has":[12],"resulted":[13],"unprecedented":[15],"traffic":[16,25,32,35,76,98,109,156],"volume.":[17],"This":[18],"results":[20],"new":[22],"challenges":[23],"for":[24,87,103,155],"classification":[26,42],"various":[28],"areas":[29],"including":[30],"network":[31,97,192],"shaping,":[33],"malicious":[34],"detection,":[36],"censoring":[38],"illegitimate":[39],"content.":[40],"Traffic":[41],"solutions":[43],"are":[44],"subject":[45],"to":[46,55,106,128,142,162,189],"evasion":[47,62,178],"attacks":[48,63,83,179],"from":[49],"adversaries.":[50],"Researchers":[51],"vendors":[53,188],"need":[54],"assess":[56],"how":[57],"their":[58],"systems":[59],"behave":[60],"against":[61],"this":[65,69],"arms":[66],"race.":[67],"In":[68],"paper,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"TMorph\u2014an":[73],"open":[74],"source":[75],"morphing":[77],"framework":[78,126],"that":[79,164],"efficiently":[80],"simulates":[81],"adversarial":[82],"generates":[85],"datasets":[86],"research":[88],"testing":[90],"purposes.":[91],"TMorph":[92,141,165,183],"provides:":[93],"broad":[94],"support":[95,129],"morphing;":[99],"ease":[100],"use":[102],"ordinary":[104],"users":[105,122],"generate":[107],"attack":[108],"with":[110,170],"minimum":[111],"commands":[112],"or":[113],"lines":[114],"code;":[116],"flexibility":[118],"extensibility":[120],"so":[121],"can":[123,166,184],"extend":[124],"our":[125],"easily":[127],"more":[130],"protocols":[131],"features.":[133],"We":[134,158],"present":[135],"three":[136],"case":[137],"studies":[138],"utilizing":[140],"create":[143,153],"encrypted":[144],"malware":[145],"traffic,":[146],"apply":[147],"encoding":[148],"obfuscation":[150],"operations,":[151],"tunnels":[154],"effortlessly.":[157],"conduct":[159],"performance":[160],"measurements":[161],"show":[163],"perform":[167],"these":[168],"operations":[169],"low":[171],"CPU":[172],"runtime":[173],"memory":[175],"footprint.":[176],"With":[177],"on":[180],"rise,":[182],"assist":[185],"researchers":[186],"build":[190],"resilient":[191],"defenses.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
